Bricker Bio Chapter 2 Pre AP
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Created by:
zachsmith1786 on September 11, 2011
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127 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Minerals | List 4 Inorganic Compounds |
| Oxygen | Which Inorganic Compound is needed for to convert energy from food? |
| Water | Which Inorganic Compound is needed to transport materials in an organism and for dilution of metabolic wastes? |
| Carbon Dioxide | Which Inorganic Compound is the original source of Carbon in an organism? |
| Minerals | Which Inorganic Compound is any substance occurring naturally and is needed by living organisms? |
| Cohesion | When Like Substances are attracted to each other is called...? |
| Adhesion | When substances are attracted to different substances is it called... |
| Polarity | Why can water be adhesive or cohesive? |
| Surface Tension caused by Polarity of Water. | Why can a rock skip across a pond or why can an insect walk on the water? |
| Hydrogen Bonds | The Surface Tension of Water is created by water molecules attracting constantly to up to 4 bonds. What are these special bonds called? |
| Bonds with another molecule of water | What happens when a hydrogen bond in the water is broken? |
| Surface Tension | What is the film or skin that we see across the water that allows humans to skip rocks across it or lets insects on walk upon it? |
| Surface Tension | What is the measure of how difficult it is to break or to stretch the surface of a liquid? |
| Capillarity | What is the movement of water up a plant against gravity? |
| Polarity | What causes capillarity in the tubes of the plants? |
| Cohesion | Water molecules bond with themselves constantly in the xylem (tube) of the plant and pull themselves up the tube. What is this an example of? |
| Adhesion | Water molecules are attracted to the xylem (tube) also when they are being transported through the plant. What is this an example of? |
| Macromolecule | What is another term for an organic compound? |
| Carbon will link with other carbon atoms | Why is Carbon important in reference to bonds? |
| It can form rings or chains | Why is Carbon important in reference to its forms? |
| Carbon can form up to 4 different covalent bonds. | Why is Carbon important with COVALENT BONDS? |
| Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids | List the 4 Organic Compounds. |
| Monomers | What are the tiny, individual units that come together to make up a macromolecule? |
| Polymers. | What are the large organic compounds that are created from monomers? |
| Nucleotide | What is the monomer of Nucleic Acid? |
| Nucleic Acid | What is the polymer of Nucleic Acid? |
| Phosphate, Sugar, and a base | What is nucleotide made up of? |
| DNA and RNA | What are the two types of Nucleic Acids? |
| DNA | What type of Nucleic Acid is about your genetic makeup? |
| RNA | What type of Nucleic Acid makes proteins in the body of an organism? |
| Helps Cell Growth and Repair | What's a function of a protein involving cells? |
| Produce enzymes, hormones, and antibodies | What's a function of a protein involving production of materials? |
| Normal cell function | What's a function of a protein involving cell function? |
| Amino Acid | What is the monomer of a protein? |
| Peptide Bonds | What type of bonds are referred to with Amino Acids? |
| 2 Amino Acids are held by a peptide bond. | What does it mean to have a dipeptide bond? |
| 3 or more Amino Acids are held together by peptide bonds | What does it mean to have a polypeptide bond? |
| Enzyme | What is a protein that acts like a catalyst? |
| Coenzyme | What is something other than an enzyme but works like a catalyst? |
| Substrate | The substance an enzyme works on is called...? |
| Lock and Key | What thought about enzymes says that the enzyme fits into the substrate like a key into a lock? |
| Induced Fit Model | What thought about enzymes says that the enzyme has to be wiggled or eased into the substrate? |
| Active Site. | What is the term for the point where the enzyme and substrate meet? |
| Fats, oils, wax, and steroids | What are the 4 types of lipids? |
| They are not soluble in water. | What is a characteristic of a lipid? |
| Fat | Stored energy is known as...? |
| Fatty Acid and Glycerol | What are the monomers of fats? |
| Solid | What state of matter at fats at room temperature? |
| Animals | What group of living organisms make fats? |
| Liquids | What state of matter are oils at room temperature? |
| Plants | Where do oils come from? |
| For protection and to help reduce water loss. | What are waxes used for? |
| No | Are steroids soluble in water? |
| Nerve tissue, hormones, plant poisons, and frog venom. | Name 4 places steroids occur naturally. |
| Carbohydrates | Quick energy foods are known as...? |
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen | What 3 elements are in carbohydrates? |
| 1, 2, 1 | What is the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms in a carbohydrate? |
| Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides | What are the 3 categories of carbohydrates? |
| Monosaccharides | Simple sugars like glucose, fructose and galactose are known as...? |
| Monosaccharides | What category of carbohydrates has the chemical formula C6H12O6? |
| Isomers | The structural formulas are different in their bonding spots for monosaccharides. What are they known as? |
| 2 | Disaccharides combine how many monosaccharide molecules during dehydration synthesis? |
| C12H22O11 | What is the chemical formula of a disaccharide? |
| Dehydration Synthesis (Loss of one H2O molecule to synthesize) | Why is the chemical formula of a disaccharide C12H22O11 and not C12H24O12? |
| Dehydration Synthesis | In creation of disacchardies, the loss of 1 water molecule is known as what? |
| Hydrolysis | To break disaccharides apart, the addition of 1 water molecule is used to break apart the disacchardie back into its two monosacchardies. What is this known as? |
| Sucrose (Table Sugar) | Glucose + Fructose = |
| Lactose (Milk Sugar) | Glucose + Galactose = |
| Maltose (Malt Sugar) | Glucose + Glucose = |
| Polysaccharide | 3 or more monosaccharides can combine together to form what is known as a...? |
| Starch | What is a big chain of glucose that animals use to convert into glycogen? |
| Glycogen | What do animals convert starch into? |
| Glucose | What is starch a big chain of? |
| The liver and muscles | Where is glycogen stored? |
| Plants | What organisms produce cellulose? |
| Cell Wall | Where in the plants is the cellulose? |
| Glucose | Cellulose is a chain of what monosaccharide? |
| Helps the intestines move food | Cellulose helps make up fiber. What does fiber do for the human body? |
| Movement of molecules along concentration gradient | What is passive transport? |
| Normal Flow of Molecules | What is a concentration gradient? |
| Molecule flow from a greater concentration to a lower concentration | What is the normal flow of molecules? |
| Flow of Molecules from greater concentration to lower concentration | What is passive transport in reference to Molecule Flow? |
| Osmosis and Diffusion | What are 2 types of passive transport? |
| Diffusion | What is the movement of molecules, ions, atoms, etc. from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration? |
| Osmosis | What is the movement of water across a cell membrane from greater concentration to lower concentration? |
| The movement of molecules from lower concentration to a higher concentration. | What is active transport? |
| Energy | Active Transport requires what which isn't required in Passive transport. |
| Movement of molecules in and out of cells for survival. | What is the same about active transport and passive transport? |
| Exergonic (Reaction) | What type of reaction releases energy? |
| Endergonic (Reaction) | What type of reaction stores/absorbs energy? |
| Activation Energy | What is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction? |
| Mixture | Water is usually combined with something. In fact, it's usually composed of two or more elements/compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined. What is this referring to? |
| Earth's Atmosphere (It's a mixture of gases) | What is an example of a mixture? |
| Solutions | Mixtures whose components are evenly spread throughout are known as...? |
| No | Are all mixtures solutions? |
| Yes | Are all solutions mixtures? |
| Salt | Salt is dissolved into a saltwater solution. What is the solute? |
| Water | Salt is dissolved into a saltwater solution. What is the solvent? |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved is known as...? |
| Solvent | The substance that a solute dissolves in is known as a...? |
| Polarity | What gives water the ability to dissolve ionic compounds and other molecules? |
| Suspension | What is the name of a material that doesn't dissolve in water, but instead separates into smaller pieces that won't settle out? |
| Positive | Does a hydrogen ion have a positive or negative charge? |
| Negative | Doe a hydroxide ion (OH) have a positive or negative charge? |
| pH Scale | What scale ranges from 0 to 14 and tests the acidity of a substance? |
| Hydrogen Ions | What does the pH scale indicate the concentration of in a solution? |
| 7 | What is water's measure on the pH Scale? |
| 7 | At the concentration of Hydrogen Ions and Hydroxide Ions, water becomes neutral. What does this mean water's measure will be? |
| 7 | A measure below what on the pH scale means a substance is acidic? |
| 1-6 | Between what numbers are acidic on the pH scale? |
| 7 | Numbers above what number are bases on the pH Scale? |
| 8-14 | What numbers go with bases on the pH Scale? |
| More Hydrogen Ions | Why would a substance be acidic? |
| More Hydroxide Ions | Why would a substance be more basic? |
| Basic Solution | Higher pH numbers equals a more...? |
| 10 times. | The pH reading of 4 has how many times as more hydrogen ions than a reading of pH 5? |
| 1-3 | The strongest acidic values on the pH values are between what numbers? |
| Hydrochloric acid | What is an example of a strong acid on the pH scale? |
| Hydrogen Ions | An acid is any compound forming what kind of ions in solutions? |
| Hydroxide Ions | Bases are compounds producing what kind of ions in solutions? |
| Alkaline solutions. | Base solutions are also known by what other name? |
| Hydrogen Ions | What is in a lower concentration in a basic solution? |
| 11-14 | Strong bases like lye are usually range between what numbers on the pH Scale? |
| 6.5 and 7.5 | Fluids in the human body usually have a pH reading between? |
| Buffers | Weak Acids or bases can prevent sharp, sudden pH changes in the human body. This helps maintain homeostasis, but the acids and bases have a name. What are they called? |
| Exergonic (Reaction) | Cellular Respiration is an example of what type of reaction? |
| Endergonic (Reaction) | Photosynthesis is an example of what type of reaction? |
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