| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Aristotle-Ptolemaic Universe | Accepted from 400 BC to 1550 AD . Focused on a geocentric universe, everything is circular, there are exactly 1,023 stars, everything on earth is in straight motion and there are only 4 elements (earth, water, air, and fire) |
| Sir Francis Bacon | Developed the Scientific Method through the Inductive method (specific to general), wrote Novum Organum. |
| Rene Descartes | Developed teh Scientific method with the Deductive Method (general to specific). Said "I think Therefore I am". Math was his strong subject (everything in the world can be reduced to a mathematical equation) |
| Nicholas Copernicus | Polish Astronomer. Developed the Heliocentric Theory. Published On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. Could not understand gravitation pull. |
| Tycho Brahe | Found a new star. Observed a comet. Watches the planets' courses for 20 years. |
| Johannes Kepler | Geometric Universe. Three laws of planetary motion (only know: Planets move in eliptical courses; the further from the sun, the slower it travels.) |
| Galileo | Improves the telescope. Notices imperfections in the moon and sun. Jupiter has 4 moons. There are new stars and bright stars are closer than others. The earth is relatively insignificant (Milky Way). Wrote Starry Messenger and Dialogue on Two Chief Systems of the World). Recanted after the Inquisition. Wrote Law of Inertia while under house arrest. |
| Dialogue on Two Chief Systems of the World | Written by Galileo. Salviati argues for heliocentric. Simplicio argues for geocentric (pope?). Sagredo is the inquiring student (average man). Allowed average man to understand new astronomy. |
| Sir Issac Newton | Wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Discovered gravity. Also invented calculus and the composition of white light |
| Vesalius | First correct anatomical view of the human body. |
| Leeuwenhoek | Invented the microscope. |
| Mechanical Universe | The idea that everything is caused by God but runs by itself. |
| Baruch Spinoza | Developed Pantheism- God is a force in and among the things around you. Nothing is inherently good or evil. |
| Montaigne | Best known skeptic. "What do I know? Nothing" |
| Natural law | Absolute Law for everything, even God must obey. Gravity is an example. When gravity is discovered, the public starts searching for the natural in everything. |
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