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Narration (rhetoric) to tell a story about a subject, possibly to enlighten readers, or to explain something to them. Description (rhetoric) to help readers understand the subject through the evidence of their senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, & taste) Objective Description (rhetoric) impartial, public, and functional. The subject is so clear and exact, that the reader understands or recognizes it without including emotions. Subjective Description (rhetoric) emotional, personal, and impressionistic. This form of description relies on bias and personal feelings. Example (rhetoric) to explain the subject with instances. It shows readers the subject's nature or character. Comparison and Contrast (rhetoric) to explain or evaluate a subject by helping readers see the similarities and differences between it and another subject. Comparison by Analogy (rhetoric) equates two dissimilar things; explaining one in terms of the other. *similarities must be significant and must extend beyond the obvious. Process Analysis (rhetoric) to inform readers how to do something or how something works; to inform readers how a sequence of actions leaders to a particular result. Directive Process Analysis (rhetoric) explains how to do something; explains how to make something Informative Process Analysis (rhetoric) explains how something is done; explains how something takes place Division or Analysis (rhetoric) to explain a conclusion about a subject by showing readers the subject's parts or elements Classification (rhetoric) to help readers see order in a subject by understanding the kinds or groups it can be sorted into Cause and Effect (rhetoric) to tell readers the reasons for or consequences of a subject; explaining why or what if Causal Relations (rhetoric) figuring out what caused what Causal Chain (rhetoric) when one event triggers another and in turn triggers another, and so on Definition (rhetoric) to show readers the meaning of a subject; its boundaries and its distinctions from other objects Stipulative Definition (rhetoric) when an important idea is likely to be misunderstood by the reader, a full explanation specifies the particular way the term is used (by the writer) Extended Definition (rhetoric) explores a topic in its full complexity to explain the meaning; many other modes of rhetoric are used to accomplish this deep exploration of the subject's definition Argument and Persuasion (rhetoric) to have readers consider an opinion about a subject or proposal for one Argument (rhetoric) aims to win the readers with an assertion or claim by engaging in the powers of reason (logos) Persuasion (rhetoric) aims to influence readers actions, or support for actions, by engaging beliefs and feelings (pathos) Claim (rhetoric) an assertion that requires support; what an argument tries to convince the reader to accept Evidence (rhetoric) data or grounds; facts, statistics, expert opinions, examples, reported experiences Assumptions (rhetoric) explains why the evidence leads to and justifies the claim; a belief, a principle, or inference whose truth the writer manipulates