| Term | Definition |
| plain | large, flat area of land |
| valley | low area of land between hills or mountains |
| plateau | area of relatively flat, high, level ground |
| erosion | the process by which earth's materials are moved by natural forces like water, ice, or wind |
| canyon | deep gorge, usually with a river flowing through it |
| mountain range | line of mountains connected by high ground |
| contour interval | the difference in elevation between two consecutive contour lines |
| contour lines | line on a topographic map that connects points on land having the same elevation |
| weathering | breaking down of rock and the earth's crust due to forces in the atmosphere like running water (rain), wind, chemicals, etc. |
| volcano | typically a hill or mountain with a central vent from which magma/lava, pieces of rock, ash, and gas escape; usually (95% of the time) occur along plate boundaries |