Sources of drugs
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Created by:
strollope22 on September 11, 2011
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Math and pharmacology
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Active ingredients in plants | Alkaloids Glycosides Resins Gums Tannins Fixed oils Volatile oils |
| Alkaloids | -basic nitrogenous substances that are insoluble in water and end -ine -Their salts are soluble in water -Have a bitter taste -can be precipitated by acids -examples -atropine, morphine, pilocarpine, physostigmine |
| Gylcosides | -Sugars combined with other organic structures (aglycone or genin) -Examples -digitalis glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin, ouabain) |
| Resins | -Substances formed by polymerization of volatile oils -solid but very weak physical state -Examples -THC |
| Gums | -Polysaccharides secreted by certain trees -emulsifying agent in drugs -Examples -Acacia, tragacanth |
| Tannins | -Non-nitrogenous plant constituents that produce astringent effect (precipitate proteins) |
| Fixed oils | -Stable oils and they will not evaporate when exposed to air -Examples -cottonseed oil, castor oil, linseed oil, flaxseed oil |
| Volatile oils | -will evaporate readily when exposed to air -Examples -peppermint oil, turpentine oil, oil of clove Fragrant |
| Animal | -examples blood, plasma, horomones |
| Fungi | antibiotics penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, polymixins |
| Bacteria | antibiotics bacitracin |
| Semisynthetic | -from natural sources and chemicaly treated -examples amoxicillin, apomorphine |
| Synthetic | -highly pruified substances prepared synthetically -examples sulfonamides (antibacterial) furosimide (diuretic) butorphanol (opioid analgesic, antitussive) aspirin (NSAID) acepromazine (neuroleptic) |
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