Chapter 2 The Cell
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 eukaryotic | true nucleus membrane-bound organelles ex. plants and animals |
| prokaryotic | lacks a true nucleus non-membrane bound organelles ex. bacteria |
| pinocytosis | "cellular drinking" |
| turgor pressure | water moves into the vacuole in the plant and adds pressure (makes it stand up) |
| selective permeability | substances bring able to enter or exit the cell four affecting factors 1. size 2. shape 3. fat-solubility 4. concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a membrane |
| diffusion | molecules go from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| isotonic | identical concentrations solutes; water moves back and forth |
| hypertonic | higher concentrations of solutes outside the cell; water is sucked into the cell |
| hypotonic | lower concentrations of solutes inside the cell; water is sucked out of the cell |
| cytolysis | the cell ruptures |
| plasmolysis | shrinking of the protoplasm due to osmosis |
| cytology | the study of cells |
| homeostasis | "steady state" or balance of being normal |
| active transport | requires cellular energy; goes from low to high concentration |
| passive transport | no cellular energy is used; has to have a mediator/helper |
| plasma membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cell; creates the outer boundary |
| nucleus | the control center of the cell containing the DNA that tells the cell it's structure and function |
| cytoplasm | all material inside the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus |
| ribosome | non-membrane bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis |
| golgi apparatus | packages and secretes the products of the cell such as polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins |
| nucleolus | center of the nucleus where RNA is made |
| mitochondria | membrane-bound organelles where cellular respiration takes place (converting the cell into usable energy) |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of pathways for transport of substances; synthesis of proteins |
| nuclear envelope | a highly porous membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| vacuole | a membrane-bound sac that can containing food water or wastes; central vacuole in plants provides turgor pressure |
| lysosome | enzymes capable of digesting proteins |
| cell wall | only in plant cells; outside plant membrane; provides support |
| chloroplast | specialized plastid (storage container) in plants that contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis occurs here |
| know the differences between plant and animal cells | plant cell- chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole, chromatin animal cell- flagellum, lysosomes, nuclear envelope |
| know the five levels of cellular organization | 1. similar cells 2. multicellular 3. tissues (ex. heart tissue) 4. organs (ex. heart) 5. organ systems (ex. circulatory system) |
| know the three concepts of cell theory | cells... are the basic unit of all living things perform the functions of living things come from the reproduction of existing cells |
| boundaries | enclose the nucleus |
| plastids are not found in... | animal cells |
| vesicle | for secretion and pinocytosis |
| centrioles | necessary for cellular division |
| Flagella/cilia | movement |
| nucleic acids | decide things for the cell |
| proteins provide amino acids which | enable the cell to make and use all other substances necessary for life |
| osmosis | diffusion of water |
| Robert Hooke | described the cells (looked at a cork) |
| Robert Brown | described the nucleus |
| protoplasm | all the living material of the cell |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | first person to view living organisms |
| tissue | tissue only- jellyfish tissues organized into organs- mosses tissues organized into organs into systems- most plants and animals |
| unicellular | one cell ex. protozoans/ bacteria |
| colonial | collection of similar cells living together ex. mushrooms |
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