Biology - Chapter 10 Vocab
Order by
33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 double helix | describes the twisted ladder shape of a DNA molecule |
| deoxyribose | five carbon sugar found in the sides of the ladder in DNA |
| purine | nitrogen base with two rings, adenine and guanine |
| replication fork | site where the DNA is being separated into two strands |
| adenine | complement of thymine in DNA |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing chain during replication |
| pyrimidine | nitrogen base with one ring, thymine and cytosine |
| helicase | enzyme that unzips the DNA down the middle so replication can occur |
| cytosine | complement of guanine in DNA |
| guanine | complement to cytosine |
| replication | process in which DNA makes a copy of itself prior to mitosis |
| thymine | nitrogen base that is found in DNA but not in RNA |
| mutation | an accidental change in the nucleotide sequence, often corrected by proofreading enzymes |
| ribose | five carbon sugar that is found in RNA |
| anticodon | three nitrogen bases at the end of the tRNA, will attach it to the complementary mRNA |
| codon | triplet of nitrogen bases on mRNA that specify one amino acid |
| messenger RNA | RNA molecule that has the code for the order of the amino acids on it |
| uracil | nitrogen base found in RNA but not DNA, replaces thymine |
| transcription | process of reading DNA and making RNA, occurs in the nucleus |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that reads the DNA code to make a complementary RNA strand |
| transfer RNA | RNA molecules that deliver amino acids to the ribosome to build the polypeptide |
| termination | final codon that signals the end of the polypeptide |
| ribosomal RNA | RNA that is a major component of the ribosomes |
| protein synthesis | entire process of making a protein from the DNA code, 2 steps |
| carcinomas | cancers that grow in skin and tissues that line the organs |
| sarcomas | cancers that grow in bone and muscle tissue |
| cancer | abnormal cell division, cells no longer under control of growth regulators |
| start codon | triplet of nucleotides on mRNA that signal the beginning of the polypeptide |
| malignant | tumor cells invade other tissues, spread to other parts of the body, cancerous |
| metastasis | the act of malignant cells spreading to other parts of the body |
| translation | process of going from the mRNA to the polypeptide, occurs on ribosomes |
| benign | tumors that remain within a mass, don't spread, not cancer |
| lymphomas | cancers that grow in the tissues that form blood cells |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.