Functional Groups of Organic Compounds
About this set
Created by:
NickHenkel on September 12, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
18 terms
English | Math / Symbols |
|---|---|
 Hydroxyl Group-Structure | [1] (-OH), a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule. |
| Carbonyl Group-Structure | [1] ( ⟩C=O), consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond. |
| Hydroxyl Group-Functional Properties | [2] Is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing electrons toward itself [3] Attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such a sugars |
| Hydroxyl Group-NOC | [4] Name of Compound: Alcohols (their specific names usually end in -ol) |
| Carbonyl Group-NOC | [2] Name of Compound: Ketones (if the ******** group is within a carbon skeleton) [3] Name of Compound: Aldehydes (if the ******** group is at the end of the carbon skeleton) |
| Carbonyl Group-Functional Properties | [4] A ketone & aldehyde may be structural isomers with different properties, as is the case for acetone and propanal. |
| Carboxyl Group-Structure | [1] (O=C-OH) When an oxygen atom is double bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group. **Carbon is asymmetrical: O & -OH are branched of of C which is attached to the specific skeleton |
| Carboxyl Group-NOC | [2] Name of Compound: Carboxylic Acids, or organic acids |
| Carboxyl Group-Functional Properties | [3] Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions [4] The covalent bond between O & H is so polar that Hydrogen ions (H⁺) tend to dissociate reversibly [5] In cells, found in the Ionic form, which is called a carboxylate group. |
| Amino Group-Structure | [1] (-N ⟩ H or -NH2) Consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton |
| Amino Group-NOC | Amines |
| Amino Group-Functional Properties | [2] Acts as a base; can pick up a proton from the surrounding solution(s): (a). N bonded to 2 hydrogens (nonionized) (b). N⁺ bonded to 3 Hydrogens (ionized) [3] Ionized, with a charge of 1+, under cellular conditions |
| Sulfhydrl Group-Structure | [1] (-SH) Consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; resembles a hydroxyl group in shape |
| Sulfhydrl Group-NOC | Thiols |
| Sulfhydrl Groups-Functional Properties | [2] Two of this specific type of group(s) can interact to stabilize a protein structure |
| Phosphate Group-Structure | [1] A phosphorous atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms; one oxygen is bonded to the carbon skeleton; two oxygens carry negative charges. 'Top' oxygen is double bonded to the Phosphorous atom [2] (-OPO₃²-) is an ionized form of a phosphoric acid group (-OPO₃H₂; note the two hydrogens). |
| Phosphate Group-NOC | [3] Organic phosphates |
| Phosphate Group-Functional Properties | [4] makes the molecule of which it is a part of an anion (negatively charged ion) [5] Can transfer energy between organic molecules |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.