Knee Pathology
Order by
57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 knee: functional role | -link between femur and tibia/fibula -stability largely ligamentous and muscular -squatting and walking -running, cutting, jumping |
| tibiofemoral joint | -modified hinge joint -2 degrees of freedom |
| tibiofemoral joint: resting position | 25-30 degrees of flexion |
| tibiofemoral joint: closed packed position | -extension -lateral rotation of tibia |
| tibiofemoral joint:capsular pattern | -flexion and extension (flexion more limited than extension) |
| coronary ligaments | -hold meniscus to tibia |
| arthokinematics | -concave on convex |
| fractures | -femoral condyle -patella -tibial plateau -osteochodritis dissecans |
| ottawa knee rules!! | -age >55 -inability to bear weight both immediately and in ER (4 steps) -isolated tenderness of the patella -tenderness at head of fibula -inability to flex to 90 degrees -if do not have these conditions, then do not need to have an x-ray |
| pittsburg rules for radiographs in acute knee injuries | -blunt trauma or a fall plus either of the following: -age <12 or >50 -inability to walk 4 weight bearing steps |
| femoral condyle fracture | -mechanism of injury: impaction, avulsion, shearing -medial condyle most affected (sits more distal) |
| patella fracture | -mechanism of injury: direct blow due to fall or MVA -resisted ext will be weak and pain free -will see bulge -after put back together, may have to worry about OA |
| tibial plateau fractures | -fracture may occur independently or associated with: ligamentous disorders, meniscal tears, other knee fractures |
| epiphyseal fracture | -proximal tibia epiphysis -more common in adolescent athletes |
| salter harris epiphyseal fracture classification | -type 1: straight through the epiphysis (does not show up on x-ray; complain of pain at epiphyseal plate) -type 2: metaphysis and epiphysis -type 3: goes to articular cartilage (poor healing can lead to OA) -type 4: epiphysis to metaphysis fracture -type 5: crush fracture |
| tibial spine fracture | -ACL attaches at spines -children 8-14 -cause effusion, pain, and restricted motion -incomplete fractures can heal |
| osteochondritis dissecans | -think of as divot; loose body that may come off or flaps around -usually medial femoral condyle -anterior knee pain-palpate medial femoral condyle |
| stress fractures | -tibial stress fracture most common in LE -fibula stress fracture common in sports involving running and jumping |
| degenerative joint disease | -erosion of joint surfaces -common final pathway |
| DJD common signs and symptoms | -history of insidious complaints/loss of ADL's -pain with weight bearing -age -decreased painful mobility |
| meniscus | -provides cushioning and stability -acts as a spacer |
| menisci vascularity | -avascular in cartilaginous inner 2/3 -partly vascular and fibrous in outer 1/3 |
| medial meniscus | -thicker posteriorly |
| lateral meniscus | -equal thickness -not firmly attached to the tibia, less prone to injury |
| meniscal injury | -females 11-20 -males 31-40 -traumatic injury can lead to degeneratino of the meniscus and the articular cartilage |
| signs and symptoms of meniscus injury | -joint line pain -loss of flexion/extension -swelling -crepitus -(+) special test -knee giving way -clicking (#1 sign) -locking of the knee in fixed flexion -pseudo-locking (muscle spasm) -limping |
| meniscal tear presentation | -twisting injury -joint line tenderness -pain with WB twisting -joint swelling |
| ligaments | -joint primary stabilizers -guide movements -proprioceptors |
| ligament injury grade 1 | -incomplete tear -symptoms usually minimal -pain with palpation return to activities very quickly |
| ligament injury grade 2 | -incomplete tear -instability when attempting to cut or pivot -pain and swelling more significant |
| ligament injury grade 3 | -complete tear -significant pain an swelling, difficulty bending the knee -instability, or giving out |
| ligamentous injury clinical presentation | -trauma -joint effusion, joint pain -limited knee motion -limited weight bearing -tenderness can extend over the entire knee |
| ACL | -primary restraint: anterior translation, medial rotation -secondary restraint to valgus and varus |
| PCL | -primary restraint to posterior translation and medial rotation -secondary restraint to valgus and varus |
| ... | -during medial rotation, lateral tibia moves anteriorly |
| MCL | -primary restraint: valgus and lateral rotation -secondary restraint: anterior and posterior translation |
| LCL | -primary restraint: varus and lateral rotation -secondary restraint to anterior and posterior translation |
| patello-femoral joint primary functions | -lengthens the moment arm of the quadriceps femoris muscle increases the contact area of the patellar tendon and the femur |
| compression syndrome | -a problem with mobility -patella compressed into femoral sulcus |
| excessive lateral compression syndrome | -lateral retinaculum is tight -medial retinaculum is stretched -patella laterally positioned and tilted -patellar mobility diminished medially |
| global compression syndrome | -secondary to trauma and/or immobilization -diminished patellar mobility (may have decreased knee ROM) |
| acute dislocation | -complete displacement secondary trauma -lateral dislocation, unless proven otherwise -medial retinaculum stretched -pain, swelling, limited motion |
| recurrent dislocation | -recurrent after an acute dislocation -most common in adolescent females -failure of treatment or patella is inherintly unstable |
| chronic subluxation | -examination: hypermobility, diffuse tenderness |
| lower extremity biomechanical dysfunction | -miserable malalignment: genu valgus, pronation, anteversion -soft tissue tightness -pain is usually focused (medial to superior aspect of patella -gait: decreased stride length and knee flexion at heel strike |
| direct patellar trauma | -articular cartilage lesion -fracture -fracture/dislocation |
| soft tissue lesion | -plica -fat pad syndrome (become irritated) -medial P-f ligament pain (can become inflammed) -IT band friction syndrome -bursitis |
| plica | -fold of synovium -superior-medial aspect of patella -medial patellar pain -snapping with WB ROM -knee aching in extended periods in flexion |
| IT band friction syndrome | -compression over the lateral condyle -related to lateral retinacular tightness -excessive tibial internal rotation |
| overuse syndromes | -tendinitis -apophysitis |
| patellar tendinosis | -repetitive loading of knee extensors |
| tendinosis | -localized tenderness -LE muscular tightness -symptoms may occur during or after activities -resisted movements will be painful |
| apophysitis | -overuse in an adolescent -osgood-schlatters-tibial tubercle -sinding-larsen-johansson=inferior pole |
| OCD | -avascular necrosis -direct rauma -retropatellar pain with clicking/popping |
| knee strain | -typical traumatic history-effort/stretch -use of muscle aggravates -resisted movements pain with weakness -pain with palpation -swelling/ecchymosis |
| bakers cyst | -herniation of joint capsule into popliteal fossa -signs and symptoms: swelling in popliteal fossa; may be painless |
| myositis ossificans | -unusual condition -blunt injury that causes deep tissue bleeding |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.