Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 21
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Created by:
Trissy109 on September 12, 2011
Classes:
Lincoln Tech Anatomy and Physiology
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mechanical barriers | intact skin and mucous membranes |
| chemical barriers | mucous membranes that use secretions as defensive functions |
| lysozyme | discourages the growth of pathogens on the surface of the eye |
| reflexes | removal of pathogens |
| reflexes | sneezing, coughing, vomiting and diarrhea |
| motile | wander around the body through the blood and tissue fluid |
| diapedesis | process of squeezing through tiny gaps |
| chemotaxis | signaling to attract phagocytes |
| inflammation | responses the body make when confronted by an irritant |
| infection | an irritant that is caused by a pathogen and becomes inflammed |
| histamine | horomone that is released that causes the blood vessels in an injured tissue to dilate |
| pyrexia | fever |
| fever | abnormal elevation in the body temperature |
| pyrogens | fever-producing subtances |
| pus | thick, yellowish accumulation of dead material |
| febrile seizures | seizures resulting from an elevated body temperature |
| interferons | group of proteins secreted by cells infected by a virus |
| complement proteins | circulate in the blood in their inactive form; attaches to the bacterium's outer membrane and punches holes in it; |
| complement proteins | holes in the membrane allow fluid and electrolytes to flow into the bacterium, causing it to burst and die |
| natural killer cells | special type of lymphocyte that acts nonspecifically to kill a variety of cells |
| antigen | substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies |
| antigen | found on the surface of many substances such as pathogens, red blood cells, pollens, etc |
| antigenic | substances that display antigens |
| antigen | substances are attacked by lymphocytes |
| specific immunity | provides protection against one specfic substance but not others |
| immunotolerance | recognition of self |
| autoimmune disease | immune system attacks it own cells |
| t cells | attack antigens directly through cell-to-cell contact |
| b cells | interact with the antigen indirectly through the secretion of anitbodies |
| humoral immunity | antibodies are carried by the blood and other tissue fluid |
| antigen presentation | macrophage's ability to push the antigen to its surface |
| clone | group of identical cells formed from the same parent cell |
| killer t cells | destroy the antigen(pathogen) through the use of punching holes in the pathogen's cell membrane and secreting substances |
| helper t cells | secrete a lymphokine that stimulates T cells and B cells and in general enhances the immune response |
| memory t cells | quickly reproduce thus allowing a faster immune response to occur |
| immunoglobins | antibodies secreted by the B cells are proteins; found primarily in the plasma |
| immunoglobin G | antibody found in plasma and body fluids; particularly effective against certain bacteria, viruses and toxins |
| immunoglobin A | antibody found in secretions of exocrine glands |
| immunoglobin A | breastmilk, tears and gastric juice helps protect against infection |
| immunoglobin M | antibody found in blood plasma; anit-A and anti-B antibodies associated with red blood cells |
| agglutinate | clumping together |
| antibody titer | level of antibodies in the blood |
| genetic immunity | genetic information that provides immunity to certain diseases |
| vaccine | antigen-bearing subtance such as a pathogen, injected into a person in an attempt to stimulate antibody production |
| naturally acquired immunity | long acting; body produces antibodies against an invader once it is exposed to it |
| passive acquired immunity | short acting; happens when a person is given an antitoxin or antiserum containing antibodies or antitoxins |
| naturally acquired passive immunity | temporary, last until infant's immune system matures |
| naturally acquired passive immunity | fetus receive antibodies from mother thru placenta or breast feeding |
| artificially acquired immunity | long acting |
| artificially acquired immunity | immunizations or vaccines |
| artificially acquired immunity | introduction of killed or live pathogens that have reduced virulence that is recognized as antigens by the immune system but are not able to cause disease |
| artificially acquired immunity | antigens stimulates the formation of antibodies |
| vaccine | solution of dead or attenuated pathogens |
| toxoid | altered toxin |
| immune globulin | obtained from a donor(human or animale) and contains antibodies |
| immune globulin | antibodies are formed in the donor in response to a specific antigen |
| antitoxins | antibodies that neutralize the toxins secreted by the pathogens but have no effect on the pathogens themselves |
| antivenoms | antibodies that combat the effects of the poisonous venom of snakes |
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