| Term | Definition |
| ecological succession | predictable and orderly changes that occur over time in a community of plants and animals |
| primary succession | the series of changes occurring in a newly formed, barren habitat |
| substrate | the base, usually rock or soil, in which an organism lives |
| pioneer species | the first species to populate or repopulate a barren or disturbed area |
| colonize | to establish growth in an ecological community |
| ecology | the scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environments. |
| vegetation | the plant life in an area |
| botanist | a scientist who studies plant life |
| sere | a stage in the series of communities formed during ecological succession. |
| secondary succession | the series of changes occurring in an area where the existing ecosystem has been disturbed |
| softwood | the wood from conifers or evergreen trees |
| hardwood | the wood from broad-leaved, mostly deciduous trees |
| topography | the physical features of an area or region |