Mr. Morzenti Chapter 6 Test
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Romulus and Remus | Twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess. According to legend, these twins founded Rome in 753 BC. They were abandoned as infants and raised by a she-wolf. The spot was chosen for its fertile soil and strategic location. |
| Patricians | Wealthy landowners after Tarquin the Proud was driven from power in 509 BC. |
| Plebeians | The common farmers and merchants after Tarquin the Proud was driven from power in 509 BC. |
| Twelve tables | the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law |
| Consuls | Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies in the first century BC. |
| Senate | Aristocratic branch of Rome's Government.Had both legislative and administrative functions in the republic. 300 members chosen fromt the upper class of Roman society. |
| legion | 5000 roman soliders organized into large military units |
| Carthage | located in Northern Africa, it became the dominant city in the Mediterranean region around 260 B.C. |
| Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. |
| Hannibal | general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War EX. crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC) |
| Cannae | ancient city is southeastern Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans in 216 BC |
| Scipio | 25 year old roman general elected as a consul, Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC) |
| Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus | Two brothers who attempted to help Rome's poor., Two brothers who were tribunes. One asked the senate to give land to poor farmers. The other asked the senate to buy grain to feed the poor. Both were murdered in the first century BC. |
| Julius Caesar | Served one year as Consul, then appointed himself governor of Gaul, During 58-50 BC he led his legions in a grueling but successful campaign to conquer all of Gaul. Also, invaded Britain (55), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen (47), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator for life (45). On March 15 of the following year he was murdered by a group of republicans led by Cassius and Brutus, who feared he intended to establish a monarchy ruled by himself. |
| Octavian | Formed Second Triumvirate in 43BC with Antony and Lepidus after Caesar's death,reduced power of the Senate, began a period known as Pax Romana or Roman Peace. Became "Augustus". Caesar's adopted son. |
| Augustus | With a former name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. |
| Second Triumvirate | Consisting of Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus, the second triumvirate was created to wreak havoc upon those who killed Julius Caesar. Furthermore it helped them rise to power in Roman politics for 10 years. |
| Pax Romana | "Roman Peace" by Octavian between 27bc and 180ad |
| Numina | powerful spirits or divine forces that were thought to live in everything around them during Pax Romana |
| Colosseum | a large amphitheater built in Rome around ad 70; site of the contest and combats between people and animals |
| Gladiators | A person who fought to the death in an arena for entertainment |
| Mark Antony | Caesar's right-hand man, teamed with Octavian to punish Caesar's murders, fell in love with Cleopatra, went into civil war, at Battle of Actium, he and Cleopatra fled and committed suicide |
| Jesus | Jew born in 6-4 BC. A teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God and the Christ. |
| Gospels | four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings |
| Apostles | closet disciples to Jesus, some include Peter, James, and John, who spread his teachings and wrote the gospels |
| Paul | An Apostle who had enormous influence on Christianity's development. Paul was a jew and had never met Jesus and was an enemy of Christianity. While traveling in Syria He reportedly had a vision of Christ and spent the rest of his life spreading and interpreting Christ's teachings. |
| Diaspora | Jews tried to break free of the Romans in 132 A.D. but half of a million of them died in three years of fighting.Most Jews were driven form their homeland. This dispersal of the Jews is called the Diaspora. |
| Constantine | In 312 AD, this roman emperor, while fighting 3 others for the leadership of Rome, saw a vision of the cross and ordered the artisans to put it on all of the shields. He won control of war, and in 313 AD announced the to persecuting Christians. |
| Peter | Apostle who had traveled to Rome from Jerusalem and became the first bishop there. Jesus referred to Peter as the "rock" that Christianity would be built |
| Augustine | Father of the Church, who became bishop of Hippo in North Africa in 396, taught that humans needed the grace of god to be saved. Taught that people could not receive god's grace unless they were part of the church and received the sacraments. |
| Diocletian | Strong willed commander who, in 284 AD became the new emperor of Rome. He was very strict, ruling with a firm hand. he brought strength and discipline, sought to control inflation by putting a fixed price on goods, Retired in 305 AD. This brought civil war among the people. Leading many to fight for control of Rome. |
| Byzantium | In 330 AD, Constantine moved the Capitol from Rome TO... This then became Constantinople, or the city of constantine |
| Constanople | a city established as the new eastern capital of the roman empire by the emperor constantine in a.d. 330 that became capitol |
| Huns | Warlike people who migrated from Eastern Europe into territory controlled by Germanic tribes, forcing them to move into areas controlled by Rome. In 410 the Germans (Not the Warlike people) overran and plundered Rome for 3 days. |
| Atilla | Chieftain (Chief) in which the Huns took refuge in 444 AD. This Chieftain had 100,000 soldiers and terrorized Rome, plundering 70 cities in the East but not Constantinople, then they swept into the west where they died of famine and hunger. This chieftain died in 453 AD. |
| Pompeii | In 79 AD Mount Vesuvius covering this city in ash and killing about 2k residents, the ash preserved many things such as the outline of where bodies where covered in ash and preserved art. |
| Virgil | Poet who spent 10 years writing the famous work of Latin Lit., the Aeneid, the epic of legendary Aeneas |
| The Aeneid | written by Virgil. The book was based off the Illiad and the Odyssey. The chief character in Virgil's work was Aeneas, the legendary Trojan hero who overcame many obstacles before founding the city of Rome. The most outstanding aspect of the Aeneid: Patriotism. The book took 10 years to write. |
| Livy | compiled a multi volume history of of Rome up to 9 B.C. He used legends and mainly talked about myths |
| Tacitus | Famous historian - known for presenting the facts accurately. He was also concerned about the romans lack of morality. |
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