Integrated Science Chapter 6
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 work = force * distance | work formula |
| work | the product of the force and the distance through which the force moves |
| Joule | the SI unit for work and energy; a newton*meter |
| power | the rate at which work is done |
| power = work done / time interval | power equation |
| watt | unit for measuring power, equals 1Joule of work done in 1 second |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| potential energy and kinetic energy | The 2 catagories of mechanical energy |
| potential energy | energy due to position |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion; depends on mass and speed |
| gravitational potential energy | potential energy due to an object's elevated position |
| PE = weight * height | gravitational potential energy formula |
| KE = 1/2mv² | kinetic energy formula |
| Work = ΔKE | Work energy theorem |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can be transferred from one form to another, but the ammount of energy never changes. |
| Machine | a device that can multiply forces or change their direction |
| lever | contains effort arm, resistance arm, and fulcrum |
| fulcrum | the point on the lever that dosen't move |
| effort arm | the portion of the lever where you apply force |
| resistance arm | the portion of the lever that is applying a force to move an object |
| 1st class lever | effort force at one end, resistance force at the other, fulcrum in the middle; ex. crowbar, see-saw |
| 2nd class lever | effort force on one end, resistance force in the middle, and fulcrum at the other end; ex. wheelbarrow |
| 3rd class lever | fulcrum at one end, resistance force at the other, and effort force in the middle; ex. rake, broom; increases distance covered by resistance arm |
| work output | work input equals |
| pulley | a special kind of lever |
| efficiency | describes how much work a machine does |
| efficiency formula | work done / energy used x 100%, or work output / work input x 100% |
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