Chem II
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Valence | outermost electron energy shell of an atom |
| Chemical reaction | breaking of old and formation of new chemical bonds that result in new substances |
| Reactants | starting material for a chemical reaction |
| Products | material created as a result of a chemical reaction |
| Ionic bond | chemical bond that occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom |
| Covalent bond | chemical bond that forms when two atoms share electrons |
| Hydrogen bond | bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another molecule |
| Polar Molecule | molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges |
| Hydrophilic | attracts water molecules |
| Hydrophobic | avoids water molecules |
| High specific heat | quality of water that requires a large amount of heat to raise the temperature of a body of water. |
| High surface tension | quality of water where surface molecules form an electromagnetic film due to their cohesive properties. |
| Capillary action | ability of water to move upward in a capillary against the pull of gravity without spending energy. |
| adhesion | the ability of a substance to stick to particles of another substance. |
| cohesion | the ability of a substance to stick to like particles. |
| solvent | a liquid capable of dissolving other substances. |
| pH | the concentration of H+ ions in a solution measure in the negative logarithm of that concentration. |
| Base | a substance that emits OH- ion when dissolved in water. |
| Acid | a substance that emit H+ ions when dissolved in water. |
| Neutralization | chemical reaction occurring when a base and an acid interact forming water and salt. |
| Buffer | a substance that can accept excess H+ or OH- ions when an acid or base is added to a solution. |
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