Anatomy Pkt 1
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Created by:
missbrooke326 on January 13, 2009
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Bones Packet 1
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100 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Support | what function of the skeletal system provides soft tissues of the body so the form of body and posture may be maintained? |
| Protects | What function of the skeletal system ____________ soft organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs? |
| Storage Area | which function of the skeletal system stores minerals (mineral salts), calcium and phosphorous, and fat? |
| Produces movement | which function does the skeletal system provide for allowing muscles to contract, and bones to move muscle which attach to bones via tendons or ligaments. |
| Blood cell production | what is the main process which occurs in bone marrow? |
| ossification (osteogenesis) | The process by which bone forms |
| intramembranous Ossification | Bone formation within - or - directly on fibrous membranes. The simpler and more direct method of bone formation. |
| Endochondrial Ossification | bone formation within cartilage. Most bones of the body are formed this way. |
| Spongy Cancellous Bone | Contains many large spaces filled with red bone marrow. Makes up most of the bone tissue of short, flat, and irregularly shaped bones, and most of the epiphysis of long bones. |
| Compact Dense Bone | Bone which contains few spaces. Deposited in layer over spongy bone. Provides protection and support. |
| Compact Dense Bone | Classification of bones which help long bones resist the stress and weight placed on them. |
| Womian Sutural Bones | Small clusters of isolated bones that are found in the joints of cranial sutures. |
| Wormian Sutural Bones | These types of bones are most frequently found in lambdoidal sutures. The number (amount) of bones in body will vary from person to person. |
| Sesamoid Bones | Small nodular hones in tendons where you have considerable pressure. (eg: wrist & foot). |
| Sesamoid Bones | Examples of this type of bone found in wrist and foot. the number of bones presen |
| Long Bones | This classification of bones have a greater length than width. They consist of a diaphysis and an epiphysis. They are slightly curved for strength, and found in upper & lower extremities. |
| Short Bones | This classification of bones are cube shaped, nearly equal in length & Width, the texture is spongy except for a thin layer of compact bones which is found at the surface. |
| Short Bones | These bones are often found in the wrist and foot |
| Flat Bones | This classification of bones are described as being thin, and affording considerable protection. They are curved, and provide extensive area's for muscle attachment. Found in cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula |
| Irregular Bones | This classification of bones describes bones which have complex shape - they do not fit into any of the other bone classification categories. |
| Irregular Bones | These bones are often found in vertebrae, and some facial bones. |
| Diapyphis (Shaft) | This is the long main portion of a long bone |
| Medullary Canal | This is the hollow chamber that is located within the diapyphis. Contains yellow bone marrow |
| Endosteum | Membrane which lines the medullary canal. Contains 3 types of bone forming cells osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts |
| Osteoblasts | Immature bone cells |
| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells |
| Osteoclasts | bone shaping cells |
| Epiphysis | The ends / extremities of long bone. Contains proximal & distal ends |
| Metaphysis | Regions in mature bones where diaphysis meets the epiphysis. ( |
| Metaphysis | In growing bones it is where the cartilage is replaced with bone where the bone grows. |
| Articular Cartilage | Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphysis. Its function is to reduce the amount of friction where 2 bones meet |
| Perichondrium | Dense connective tissue which surrounds cartilage |
| Periosteum | Dense connective tissue which surrounds bone |
| Depressions (Openings) | Function to allow for the passage of soft tissue |
| Foramen (foramena) | An opening of a bone through which blood vessels or ligaments may pass |
| Canal (Meatus) | Tube like opening that runs through a bone. Ex: External auditory - - - - - |
| Fissure | narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone through which nerves & blood vessels pass through. |
| Sinus | (1) Hollow in a bone or tissue (2) A channel for blood. (3)Any cavity which has a narrow opening. |
| Sinus | An air filled cavity within a bone. Lined with mucous membrane and connects & communicates with nasal cavity |
| Fossa | A depression in the bone (can be shallow or deep) |
| processes | projections or outgrowths on bone that form joints or attachments for connective tissue |
| Condyle, facet, head | PROCESSES that form JOINTS include |
| condyle | A process that forms joints that can be described as a large protuberance at the end of a bone. |
| Facet | A process which forms joints described as a smooth, flat articular surface |
| Head | A process which forms joints described as a rounded articular projection supported on a "neck" (constricted portion) of a bone |
| line (linea), crest (cresta), spine (spinous process), tubercle, tuberosity | Processes which form attachment points for connective tissue include: |
| line (linea) | A process which forms attachment points for ct described as a long narrow ridge or border, less prominent than a crest |
| Crest (Cresta) | A process which forms attachment points for CT - described as a prominent ridge, or elongated projection. It does not articulate with other bone. |
| Spine (spinous process) | A process which forms attachment point for CT described as a sharp. slender projection. |
| Tubercle | A process which forms attachment point for CT, described as a small rounded projection, usually blunt. |
| Tuberosity | A process which forms attachment points for CT, described as a large, rounded projection - usually roughened. |
| Trochanter | A process which forms attachment points for connective tissue, described as Very large projection, found only on the Femur bone |
| Epicondyle | A process which forms an attachment pt for connective tiss located above the condyle |
| 206 bones | Adult Human Skeleton |
| 80 bones | Axial Skeleton |
| 126 bones | Appendicular skeleton |
| 22 bones ( 8 Cranium / 14 Facial ) | Scull (amount ) |
| 1 bone | Hyoid bone (amt found in adult human body) |
| 6 (3 rt/ 4 lft) | Auditory Ossicles |
| 26 Adult | Vertebral Column |
| 33 infant | Vertebral Column (Infant) |
| 1 | Sternum |
| 24 | Ribs |
| malleus | This auditory ossicle is named for its shape resembling a hammer |
| Incus | Auditory Ossicle is named based on shape resembling anvil. |
| Stapes | Auditory Ossicle is named based on its shape resembling stirrups. |
| vertebrae 26 sternum 1 , ribs 24 | Which bones and in what amount construct the torso: |
| Vertebral Column | This division of bones are strong and flexible, move anteriorly, posteriorly, and laterally. They enclose and encase the spinal cord. They also serve as a point of attachment for ribs and the muscles of the back. |
| 7 adult 7 children | Vertebral Column - Cervical bones |
| 12 adult 12 children | Vertebral Column - Thoracic bones |
| 5 adult 5 children | Vertebral Column - Lumbar bones |
| 1 adult 5 children | Vertebral column - sacrum bones |
| 1 adult 4 children | Vertebral Column - Coccyx bones |
| scull 22, hyoid 1, auditory ossicles 6, vertebral column 26 (33 inf) , sternum 1, ribs 24 | Which bones make up the axial skeleton? |
| clavicle, scapula | what is the pectoral / shoulder composed of? |
| 2 (1 rt / 1 lft) | Clavicle |
| 2 (1 rt / 1 lft) | Scapula |
| 2 (1 rt / 1lft) | Humurus |
| 2 (1 Rt/ 1Lft) | Ulnar |
| 2 1Rt/ 1 Lft) | Radius |
| 16 (8Rt /8Lft) | Carpal |
| 10 (5 Rt/ 5 Lft) | Meta Carpals |
| 28 (14 Rt / 14 Lft ) | Phalanges |
| Pelvic Bone (Hip) (os Cosciae) (coxal) (os inominata) | another name for pelvic girdle |
| 2 bones attached posteriorly to sacrum | Pelvic Girdle is composed of |
| 2 (1 rt/ 1lft) | Femur |
| 2 (1rt / 1 lft ) | patella |
| 2 (1rt / 1 lft) | Tibula |
| 2 (1rt/ 1lft) | Fibula |
| 14 (7rt / 7lft) | Tarsal |
| 10 (5 rt/ 5lft) | Meta - tarsal |
| 28 (14 rt/ 14lft) | Phalanges |
| pectoral/ shoulder, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, lower extremities | Appendicular skeleton is made up of: |
| humurus, ulnar, radius, carpal, meta carpal, phalanges | Upper extremity is composed of |
| femur, patella, tibula, fibula, tarsal, meta tarsal, phalanges | Lower extremity is composed of |
| suture | immoveable joints found only in scull bones |
| Coronal Suture | Found between the frontal bone & parietal bone |
| Sagittal Suture | Found between the 2 parietal bones |
| Lambdoidal Suture | Found between the 2 parietal bones and the occipital bones |
| Squamosal Suture | found between the parietal bone and the temporal bone. (2 Total - 1 per ea. side) |
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