med term mod 2
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Created by:
nblanton8074 on September 14, 2011
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108 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 anatomy | structure |
| physiology | function |
| blast (o) | stage of cell development |
| blastocyte | a cell in development |
| clast | something that breaks |
| cyto, cyte | cell |
| extracellular | outside the cell |
| intracellular | inside the cell |
| plasm(o) | substance of a cell |
| protoplasm | living substance of the cell |
| histo | tissue |
| list the 4 types of tissues | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| epithelium | a cellular sheet that is continuous and surrounds the entire surface of the body, lines the cavities of the body |
| endothelium | lines the heart, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels |
| mesothelium | lines the surface of serous membranes such as the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum |
| depending on the number of cell layers, epithelial tissue may be categorized as: | simple- tissue containing 1 layer of cells stratified- tissue containing 3 or more layers pseudostratified- has only 1 layer but appears to have more. |
| list the 3 shapes of cells | columnar, squamous, cuboidal |
| connective tissue includes | bone, cartilage, and adipose (fatty tissue) |
| describe loose connective tissue | connective tissue that has large spaces separating the fibers and cells (it contains a great deal of intracellular fluid) |
| describe dense connective tissue | connective tissue provides structural support, having a greater fiber concentration |
| describe adipose connective tissue | a single fat droplet occupies most of the cell, it acts as a cushion for internal organs and as a reserve of energy supply |
| What are the 3 basic types of muscle tissue? | striated, cardiac, and smooth |
| describe striated muscle tissue | striped, or striated apperance. all striated capable of voluntary contraction is called skeletal muscle tissue |
| describe cardiac muscle tissue | striated but contracts involuntarily |
| describe smooth muscle tissue | no stripes but long, spindle shaped cells (is not under voluntary control) |
| name the 3 parts of a neuron | dendrites, cell body (soma) and axons |
| what are the 2 primary properties of nervous tissue? | irritability and conductivity |
| What do dendrites do? | receive impulses and conduct them into the cell body |
| What do axons do? | carry impulses away from the cell body |
| define neuroglia | support structures of nervous tissue, insulating, and protecting neurons. (found only in the nervous system) |
| what is in the musculoskeletal system? | bones, ligaments, skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints |
| what is in the nervous system? | brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
| what is in the cardiovascular system? | heart, arteries, veins, and nerves |
| what is in the lymphatic system? | lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus gland |
| what is in the hematological system? | red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma |
| what is in the digestive system? | mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, gallbladder, and pancreas |
| what is in the respiratory system? | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, rachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm |
| what is in the urinary system? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra |
| what is in the endocrine system? | endocrine glands, hypothalamus, hypophysis (pituitary), thyroid, thymus, parathyroid, pineal, adrenal, pancreas (insulin), and gonads |
| what is in the integumentary system? | skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands |
| what are the special sense organs? | eyes, ears, semicircuar canals, other senses of touch-taste, and feel are functions of other systems. |
| define ampulla | a rounded, saclike dilations of a duct, tubular structure, or canal-oval shaped storage jar. examples are tear duct and rectum |
| define aperture | a hole in an organ |
| define apex | tip or point, usually of an organ with a triangular shape |
| define base | part of an organ nearest to its point of attachment |
| define calyx | cup shaped structure |
| define capsule | sac that resembles a small box |
| define cortex | outside part of an organ |
| define duct | tube like structure that transports fluid or air from one part to another |
| define fascia | layer of connective tissue covering internal organs or parts of structures |
| define foramen | opening or hole in an organ or part of an organ |
| define fundus | base of an organ, the part of an organ oposite an opening |
| define gland | specialized cell, group of cells, or organ that produces a substance |
| define labium | lip like part |
| define lobe | round division of an organ |
| define meatus | opening or channel |
| define medulla | center of an organ, on the inside of the cortex |
| define node | small mase of tissue |
| define orifice | mouth like opening |
| define viscera | organs in a cavity of the body |
| define ventricle | hollow space, a small, belly like area in an organ |
| define tract | definite region or area of the body |
| define sinus | cavity, passage, or channel; a curved space |
| define lateral recumbant | body lying horizontally on either the right or left side |
| define erect | body in the standing position |
| define prone | body lying face down (on the tummy) |
| define supine | body lying face up (on the back) |
| define the fowlers position | head of the bed is raised, knees are slightly flexed |
| define the left lateral recumbant | lying on the left side with the right thigh oand knee drawn up |
| define lithotomy | lying on the back with the hips and knees flexed and the thighs abducted and extremally rotated |
| define the trendelenburg position | lying flat with the head lower than the body or legs |
| what is the parietal? | wall of a part of the body |
| where is the abdominal cavity located? | between the diaphragm and the pelvic organs |
| define venter | belly or abdomen |
| define celiac | abdominal |
| define laparo | loin |
| define flank | the side of the body between the pelvis and the ribs |
| what is in the pelvic cavity? | large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs |
| what is found in the pleural spaces? | the lungs |
| what is the thoracic cavity? | the chest |
| what are the 3 cavities located in the ventral part of the body? | thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic |
| define cavum | hollow spaces |
| what are the 3 potential cavities? | peritoneal space(located in the abdominal cavity), retroperitoneal space(located behind the peritoneum), pleural cavity |
| what are the posterior regions of the trunk | cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral and coccyx |
| define coronal plane | divides the body into front and back |
| define sagittal plane | divides the body into right and left |
| define transverse plane | divides the body into top and bottom |
| function of bones | -protect internal tissues and organs -stability and support of the body -movement through lever action -production of red blood cells in the bone marrow -storage of 99% calcium in the body |
| axial skeleton | bones in the head and torso |
| appendicular skeleton | upper and lower extremities |
| what are sutures? | immobile joints that hold the skull together |
| define coronal suture | unites and divides the frontal bone and the two parietal bones. |
| define ischium | the lowest and strongest set of bones |
| define periosteum | a fibrous membrane that covers the bones on all surfaces except moving joints |
| define articular cartilage | covering of the bones at the joints |
| define flat bone | bones with flat surfaces- ribs, skull |
| define irregular bone | bones with irregular shapes- vertebrae or back bones |
| define long bones | bones with long shafts- femur or thigh bone |
| define sesamoid bones | bones that resemble a seed- patella |
| define short bones | bones that are relatively short- carpal (wrist) or tarsal (ankle) |
| define apophysis | any growth away from the surface of a bone |
| define diaphysis | the part of the bone between the ends of the sections of growth |
| define epiphysis | part of the bone that is on the part of the bone that grows |
| define metaphysis | part of the bone next to the growth plates; one of the shin bones |
| What are the 2 types of cartilage? | hyaline and white fibro cartilage |
| define hyaline cartilage | very elastic, cushiony and slippery; bluish color; literally translated it means "glass" |
| define the white fibro cartilage | elastic, flexible, and tough; found in joints such as the knee; |
| what is coccygodynia | condition where there is pain in the tailbone |
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