Anatomy, Physiology, and Disease Chapter 1 Part 2
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 BM | bowel movement |
| BP | blood pressure |
| CA | cancer |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CVA | cerebral vascular accident (stroke) |
| CXR | chest X-ray |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| IM | intramuscular |
| IV | intravenous |
| MI | myocardial infarction (heart attack) |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| P.O. | orally |
| p.r.n. | when needed |
| Q | every |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| STAT | immediately |
| t.i.d. | three times a day |
| ER/ED | emergency room/emergency department |
| Rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
| Mathematical language of medicine | the metric system |
| Metabolism | All the chemical operations going on within the body, life-sustaining reactions inside the body |
| Anabolism | The process which simpler compounds are built up and used for growth, repair, and reproduction |
| Catabolism | The process which complex substances are broken down into simpler substances for energy |
| Homeostasis | The physiological process that monitors and maintains a stable internal environment or equilibrium |
| Negative feedback loop | Brings the body back to its set point during a physiological change (temp. goes up, the body sweats to bring it back down) |
| Positive feedback | Increases the magnitude of a change in homeostasis |
| Signs of disease | Definitive, objective, measurable indicators of an illness |
| Vital signs | Signs vital to life, pulse (heart rate), blood pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate |
| Symptoms of disease | Perceived by the patient, are subjective and difficult to measure |
| Syndrome | A set of symptoms and signs associated with and characteristic of one particular disease |
| Diagnosis | Identification of a disease determined by studying a patient's signs, symptoms, history, and results of tests |
| Chief complaint | Why a person went to the doctor |
| Prognosis | The prediction of the outcome of a disease |
| Acute disease | Rapid onset of disease, with severe symptoms for a short duration |
| Chronic disease | A disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time |
| Remission | Signs and symptoms of a chronic disease disappear |
| Relapses | Recurrences of a disease |
| Exacerbation | Signs and smptoms acutely flare up |
| Terminal | Prognosis is death |
| Pathogenic | Disease producing |
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Breaks down waste products and helps produce vitamin K |
| Body's first defense | Skin |
| Body's second defense | Immune response |
| Inflammatory response | When tissues in the body are injured |
| Signs of inflammation | Redness, increased temperature at site of injury, swelling (edema), and pain |
| Specific immune response | Activated when your body is attacked by a germ that previously entered your body |
| Allergic/hypersensitivity reaction | Immune system goes too far causing tissue damage and impairing normal function |
| Routes of germ transmission | Vectors, contact transmission, common vehicle, and airborn |
| Vector borne | Organism is carried by an insect or other animal, by living inside the host or living on the host |
| Biological vector | Disease-carrying host, such as a rat, mosquito, or fly, that spreads infectious disease through bites |
| Mechanical vector | A living organism capable of transmitting infection by carrying the disease agent on its external body parts or surfaces |
| Contact transmission | Spread of disease by direct or indirect contact with person or contaminated objects |
| Common vehicle transmission | Occurs when consumable goods (blood, blood products, IV fluids, food, vegetables or seafood) become contaminated |
| Airborne transmission | The spread of droplets that contain a pathogen |
| Chain of infection | Creation of a source of infection, the transportation of the pathogen, entry into the body |
| Single important practice to reduce transmission of infection | Hand washing |
| PPE | Personal protective equipment |
| Gloves, isolation gowns, masks, gogles, face shields, and respiratiory protection masks | PPE |
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