| Term | Definition |
| nominative subject | subject of the sentence |
| nominative predicate | a noun that comes after "to be" seen with forms of esse |
| nominative adjective | adjective that modifies the subject seen with forms of esse |
| genitive possession | used with possession |
| dative | indirect objects (to or for) |
| accusative direct object | to whom or what |
| accusative place to | place to |
| accusative object of certain prepositions | ante contra inter ob per post propter trans |
| ablative place from | a/ab de e/ex |
| ablative personal agent | (by) a ab |
| ablative means | used without a preposition |
| ablative accompaniment | with (cum) |
| ablative manner | to do something with something else |