| Term | Definition |
|---|
| sexual reproduction | involves union of gametes or sex cells called egg and sperm; offspring are usually genetically different |
| asexual reproduction | cell or group of cells split forming new organism(s) genetically identical to the parent (clone) |
| chromatin | DNA in a thread-like form; invisible under microscope; present in interphase |
| chromosome | coiled and condensed DNA easily visble under microscope; seen during mitosis |
| sister chromatids | identical copies of a chromosome joined together |
| centromere | region where two sister chromatids are connected |
| cell cycle | sequence of events in the life of a cell |
| interphase | stage of cell cycle where the cell performs its normal functions; consists of G1, S, and G2 |
| mitotic phase | Also known as M phase or cell division; where cell actually divides forming two identical cells |
| mitosis | duplicated chromosomes separate forming two identical nuclei; consist of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| cytokinesis | process that divides the cytoplasm forming two daughter cells; easily seen during telophase |
| G1 phase | Gap 1 phase in which the cell grows larger and does its normal functions |
| S phase | synthesis phase in which DNA is duplicated or replicated |
| G2 phase | Gap 2 phase in which cell prepares to divide by growing larger and replicating organelles replicate |
| daughter cells | all cells produced by cell division (mitosis or meiosis) |
| replication | same as duplication; to make an exact copy as in replication of DNA in S phase |
| clone | an exact copy of an organism |
| binary fission | simple type of cell reproduction in prokaryotes (bacteria) in which the chromosome duplicates and the cell divides forming clones |
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