5 Written Questions

1. areas of the cerebral cortex that are primarily involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.
2. the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
3. recording apparatus, using electrodes placed on the scalp, that records waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface.
4. the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
5. the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.

5 Matching Questions

1. sensory cortex
2. parietal lobes
3. split brain
4. circadian rhythm
5. amygdala

1. a condition in which the brain's two hemispheres are isolated by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them.
2. b two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion.
3. c the biological clock; regular-bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
4. d portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position.
5. e area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. area at the top of the brainstem; directs sensory messages to the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
   1. hypothalamus
   2. opiates
   3. axons
   4. thalamus
2. false sensory experiences, such as hearing something in the absence of an external auditory stimulus.
   1. axons
   2. interneurons
   3. opiates
   4. hallucinations
3. subfield of psychology that studies the connections between our brain activity and the processes of thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
   1. selective attention
   2. sensory neurons
   3. somatic nervous system
   4. cognitive neuroscience
4. thin layer of interconnected neurons covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
   1. cerebral cortex
   2. cerebellum
   3. sensory cortex
   4. motor cortex
5. chemicals, such as opium, morphine, and heroin, that depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
   1. nerves
   2. opiates
   3. dream
   4. hormones

5 True/False Questions

1. pituitary gland → a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.

   True        False

2. PET (positron emission tomography) scan → a view of brain activity showing where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.

   True        False

3. endorphins → "morphine within"-natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control to pleasure.

   True        False

4. dream → a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.

   True        False

5. latent content → according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream.

   True        False