5 Written Questions

1. ...
2. ATP is synthrsized in an energetically unfavorable phosphorylation reaction in which a phophate group is added to ADP
3. Delta G = free energy change of a reaction
   •Delta G = Gproducts-Greactants
   •determines spontaneity of a reaction (direction)
   •depends on: (at constant temp and pressure)
   1.energy stored in reacting molecules (bond energy)
   2.[substrate]
4. Acetyl coenzyme A is used for example, to add two-carbon units in the biosynthesis of the hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids.
5. Reactant gains electron(s), becomes negatively charged
   Usually requires energyRedox
   Increase in C-H bonds

5 Matching Questions

1. The energy for unfavorable chemical reactions is stored in ATP
2. + Delta G
3. Energy
4. Free energy and equilibrium
5. Primary source of energy to support life is the sun (solar energy).

1. a ...
2. b Capacity to do work
   Potential energy-potential to do work (stored energy) Kinetic energy-energy of motion (work)
3. c energetically unfavorable reaction
   •Requires energy input (endergonic)reverse toward reactants
   •Example = Amino Acids ---> peptide bond
4. d ATP-Adenosine Triphosphate:
   •serves as an energy carrier
   •"high energy" bonds provides readily available energy.
   ATP + H2O (hydrolysis) <---> ADP+ Pi (condensation)
   G= -7.3 kcal/mole(adenosine diphosphate)
5. e •Equation shows relation of free energy to equilibrium constant: Delta G = standard free energy change under defined conditions
   Delta G= -1.42 log Keq
   -G favors products
   + G favors reactants A + B <---> AB
   •Rxns with + Delta G (unfavorable rxns) requires help of a catalyst and/or energy inputReveals

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. ...
   1. Energy forms important to living things:
   2. 3 types of chemical reactionscommon to all living cells:
   3. Reactant concentrationcan determine:
   4. Work in living cells involves transformation of potential to kinetic energy.
2. •biological catalysts
   •Not permanently altered themselves
   •lower the activation energyby
   •binding and orienting a specific substrate into a position that increases the probability that a rxn will take place
   1. CATALYSTS
   2. Entropy
   3. ENZYMES
   4. Energy
3. 1.Synthesis reactions
   2.Decomposition reactions
   3.Exchange reactions
   1. Chemical reactions can be reversible.
   2. Synthesis Reactions = Anabolic reactions
   3. Energy forms important to living things:
   4. 3 types of chemical reactionscommon to all living cells:
4. •Photosynthesis and respiration are complementary
   •Photosynthetic organisms do BOTH!!
   1) PS produces sugars and O2
   2) Cellular respiration in turn produces CO2 and H2O
   1. Synthesis Reactions = Anabolic reactions
   2. Animals obtain energy from organic compounds by cellular respiration.
   3. Primary source of energy to support life is the sun (solar energy).
   4. Decomposition Reactions = Catabolic Reactions
5. ...
   1. Heat increases the intensity of the thermal motions of the resident molecules, thereby increasing the entropy of the environment
   2. NADPH is efficient at donating its hydride ion (and proton) to other molecules for the same reason that ATP readily transfers a phosphate:
   3. The energy for unfavorable chemical reactions is stored in ATP
   4. Decomposition Reactions = Catabolic Reactions

5 True/False Questions

1. Reactant concentrationcan determine: → Involve transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.

   True        False

2. 2 stages of photosynthesis. → ...

   True        False

3. NADH (ATP synthesis), NADPH (catalyze other RXNs) → These two types of carriers are thereby used to deliver electrons (or hydride ions) to different destinations

   True        False

4. NADPH is efficient at donating its hydride ion (and proton) to other molecules for the same reason that ATP readily transfers a phosphate: → In both cases the transfer is accompanied by a large negative free-energy change.

   True        False

5. - Delta G → energetically unfavorable reaction
   •Requires energy input (endergonic)reverse toward reactants
   •Example = Amino Acids ---> peptide bond

   True        False