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Antagonist the person or force that works against the hero(s) of a story. (bad guy) Protagonist The main character(s) in a story, often a good or heroic type. (good guy) Central Conflict The main struggle or problem between two opposing forces. Plot What happens durring the story. Plotline The planned action or events in a story Conflict Problems that arise between two opposing forces. Character One of the people or animals in the story Characterization The methods an author uses to develop a character Setting Where (City, country) and when (time period) a story takes place. Theme The moral or hidden message in a story. Point of View Who is telling the story? Tone The writer's attitude toward his or her subject. Similie A figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two different subjects of objects using like or as. Analogy A comparison of similar objects. Imagary The words or phrases an author selects to create a picture in the reader's mind. Irony A technique that uses a word of phrase to mean the exact opposite of its meaning. Alliteration Repetition of begginning consonant sounds. Onomatopoeia The use of a word whose sound makes you think of its meaning. Allusion A reference to a well known person, place, things, or event that the writer assumes the reader will be familier with. Foreshadow Hints or clues that a writer uses to suggest what will happen next in the story. Flashback A technique in which a writer interrupts the story to go back and explain an earlier event. Personification A figure of speech in which a non-human thing (an idea, object, or animal) is given human characteristics. Oxymoron A technique in which two words with opposite meanings are put together for a special effect. Symbolisim A real object used to represent an idea. Hyperbole An extreme exaggeration or overstatement that a writer uses for emphasis. Mood The feeling that a piece of literature gives the reader. Fiction Writing that tells about imaginary(not true) characters or events. Non-fiction Writing that is true. It explains about real people, places, objects, or events. Inference or Infer -come to an conclusion or form an opinion about a text on the basis of evidence or reasoning -making a judgment using indirect evidence -assumption Cause and Effect -The events that happen first and the cause. The events that happen because of the cause the effects. Prediction or Predict -Foresee what might happen -To say what is going to happen in the future Main Idea The most important thing the author wants you to understand Summarize ir Summary -Give a shortened version of the story stating the main points including the beginning, middle, and end. Text Features Texts are more then just paragraphs. Text features are titles, headings, captions, maps, charts, tables, graphs, text boxes, and other informational. Compare and Contrast The ability to see how things are alike and different Author's Viewpoint how the authour feels about the subject they are writing Author's Purpose -the reason for creating a work *inform/explain *persuade *entertain *demonstrate *review Audience -the intended reader of your work; the people that will be reading your work Generalize -taking what is known and using it to make an inference that covers several particular situations Fact -text that can be proven Opinion -a view or judgment formed about a fact Persuasive or Persuade -to try to change a person's opinion: convince them Narrative -a story with a beginning, middle, and end; fiction or non-fiction Evaluate -to give your informed/thoughtful opinion on an issue Extend Beyond Text -how does the text make the reader think differently: Topic Sentence(TS) A sentence that combine a CD and CM and creates the controlling idea of the paragraph. Concrete Details(CD) Specific details or facts that support the topic sentence and thesis of the paragraph. Commentary(CM) An inference, opinion, or comment about the Concrete Details. Concluding Sentence(CS) The last sentence in a body paragraph that gives the reader a finished feeling. Chronological Order Put events in a sequuence, or order, in which they happenned in time, one after the other Cite(MLA) To quote an author's work in order to support or prove an idea using the direct quote and the authors name and page number in quotes at the end of the senctence. Context Clue When you don't know the meaning of a word, look for a clue to its meaning in the context or the words and sentences surrounding the unfamiliar word Desecribe Use words to create a mental picture of a person, place, object, idea Detail An example from the text that supports your ideas Essay A short piece of notification prose that examines a single subject Paraphrase Put in your own words Quotation Exact words from the text punctuated with quotation marks