Bilogy Ch 4 Vocab and Notes
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Created by:
micafaith64 on September 16, 2011
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Passive Transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| Concentration Gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance |
| Equilibrium | the state in which achemical reaction and the reverse chemical reaction occur at the same rate such that the concentrations of the reactants and products do not change |
| Diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
| Hypertonic Solution | a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| Hypotonic Solution | describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| Isotonic Solution | a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
| Ion Channel | a pore in a cell membrane through which ions can pass |
| Carrier Protein | a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
| Facilitated Diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| Active Transport | the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |
| Endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| Exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
| Receptor Protien | a protien that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond. |
| Second Messenger | a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane, which produces a change in cellular function |
| What is a phospholipid? | A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids; consists of a hydrophilic polar head and two non-polar hydrophobic tails; forms cell membranes. |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | made up of two layers of phospholipids |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | Cell Membrane; moving, made up of lots of pieces |
| Plasma Membrane Protiens | Transporter, Enzyme, Cell Surface Receptor, Cell Surface Identity Marker, Cell Adhesion, Attachment to the Cytoskeleton |
| What happens in passive transport of two types of molecules? | They will still spread out until equilibrium is reached |
| Does Cell membrane let everything through? | No, cell membrane is selectively permeable. Only allows certain molecules to enter |
| Water balance in cells | survival of a cell depends on its ability to balance water uptake and loss |
| (Water Balance) Animal Cell | Isotonic: best Hypotonic: plasmolysis- cell explodes from too much water Hypertonic- cell shrivels up |
| (Water Balance) Plant cell | Isotonic: neutral for plant's health Hypotonic: best for plants. Turger Pressure- Cell wont explode because of its cell wall Hypertonic: bad for plant cell |
| How does salting roads affect roadside plants? | Salt absorbs water |
| What does sodium-potassium pump transport? | 3 Na ions out, 2 K ions into the cell ~helps maintain steady concentration of sodium ions so cells wont burst from too much water moving in |
| What is coupled transport? | can take a "couple" of substances across the membrane at the same time |
| Types of Endocytosis | Pinocytosis - "cell drinking" fluids Phagocytosis - "cell eating" food |
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