GACS lclab World History - Unit 3 - The Greeks and Hellenistic Age-Class Notes
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202 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Balkan Peninsula | Greece is located at the end of the ______________ and included many islands. |
| Mediterranean Sea | Greece is surrounded by the ________________ which provided the ability for great trading. |
| mountains | The many _____________forced the Greeks to develop separate communities. |
| hot summers and mild winters | True about the climate of Greece |
| short summers and severe winters | False about the climate of Greece |
| fishers and sailors | Because Greece has such a long coastline, most people were ____________________. |
| Crete | Greek civilization began in the island of _____________ and lived a a civilized lifestyle before 1500 BC. |
| Minoans | Early Greeks were known as _______________. |
| Minos | legendary first king of Crete |
| Knossos | Capital city of on the island of Crete |
| writing | Minoans created a system of __________________. |
| frescoes | Knossos was famous for the ancient ruins of paintings on wet plasted known as__________________ |
| Navy | Minoans were excellent sailors and had the first ____________. |
| bull, bull leaping | Minoans worshipped the ___________ and considered ________________entertainment. |
| Minotaur | mythical half-man and half-bull |
| Mycenae | oldest city on Greek mainland |
| Mycenaens | Minoans were conquested around 1500 by Greek warriors from the mainland known as ___________________. |
| Cretan | After the Mycenaens conquered the Cretan's they adopted a _____________culture. |
| Illiad and Odyssey | epic poems written by later Greeks that helped us learn alot about the Mycenaean's |
| Homer | legendary ancient Greek blind poet, the author of the epic poems the Illian and the Odyssey; his stories were the first ever writtend down |
| Iliad | epic poem about kidnapping of a Greek princess, Helen of Troy, by a Trojan prince, Paris - started a 10-year war between the Greeks and the Trojans |
| Odyssey | describes the journey of one of the victorious Greek generals who spends the next 10 years trying to get home |
| Dorians | In 1200 BC the Mycenaean's were conquered by Greeks from the north called the ________________. |
| Dark Ages | When the Dorians took over, this period in Greece became known as the ______________because they could not read or write |
| Phoenicians | Around 750 BC the ____________introduced the alphabet to the Dorians |
| city-states | Around the time the Dorians took over Greece, __________ were introduced and began to dominate. |
| monarchy | the Greek government for city-states was a _______________ from 1,000 BC to 700 BC |
| aristocracy | the Greek government for city-states was a _______________ from 700 BC where the nobility controlled the city-states; ruled by upper class land owners. |
| tyranny | From 650 BC to 500BC the Greek government for city-states ruled by _______________ - individuals who took over by force; sometimes they were good, sometimes harsh |
| democracy | After 500 BC, many city-states turned to popular government of _______________ or "rule by the people" |
| Dracos | tyrant of Athens famous for cruelty |
| Hellene | Greek were also known as ____________a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions |
| Hellas | Greek was also known as ____________. |
| Hellenistic | means "like the Greeks" |
| barbarian | Anyone who did not speak Greek, was considered a _______________. |
| polis | city-state in Greece; like a separate country; had own government |
| tragedy | plays written by Greeks in which the main characters struggle against fate |
| acropolis | each city-state had an ________________ where their fort was; it was a hill with public buildings |
| helots | conquered and forced to be Sparta slaves |
| luxurious | Sparta had helots but tended to avoid a ___________ style of living |
| Sparta | had an elected assembly, two ceremonial kings but government was controlled by ephors |
| ephors | Sparta had an elected assembly and two ceremonial kings but government was ruled by overseers called _____________. |
| Athens | most populated city with over 300,000 citizens |
| slaves | ___________outnumbered citizens in Sparta |
| xenophobic | irrational fear of foreigners; because of this, Spartans did not travel and visitors were not welcome |
| military | Spartan men were expected to be part of the efficient ______________and ate with the other men in mess halls instead of with their families |
| exposure | unhealthy babies were left to die of __________________. |
| military training | ________________of boys began at the age of 7 and men served from 20-60 |
| True about Spartan women | Spartan women had more freedom then Greeks in other cities but were expected to be equally tough as men |
| False about Spartan women | Spartan women had less freedom then Greeks in other cities but were expected to be weaker than men |
| Sparta women | __________________took control of the city when the men were gone. |
| individual freedom | In Sparta _______________was sacrificed for the state |
| betrayal or treason | _________________was unheard of among Spartans |
| True about Spartans | They produced no great literature, art or science because everything was focused on military control |
| False about Spartans | They produced great literature, art and science |
| laconic | expressing much in few words; original meaning of this word referred to the people of Sparta |
| Xenophon | A Greek historian who said, "the most extraordinary thing of all is that despite the universal praise for Sparta's society, not a single city is willing to copy it." |
| True about the remains of Sparta | Very little remains of Sparta or Spartan civilization today |
| False about the remains of Sparta | There are many remains of Sparta or Spartan civilization today |
| Athens | was a city of trade and had much contact with other people. |
| True about Athens women | Athens women could have citizenship but could not participate in government or vote; were expected to be quiet and domestic. |
| False about Athens women | Athens women could not have citizenship but could participate in government or vote. |
| Metics | ______________were free residence and were living and making money but could not participate in government. |
| assembly | By 510, all men over the age of 20 were members of the _______________. |
| female, slave or foreigner | Athens were very democratic unless you were a _________, ______________ or ________________. |
| men | All _____________voted on all issues in Athens. |
| jury | Athens held trial by _____________. |
| direct | Athens was a _____________democracy rather than an __________democracy. |
| protection | Athens had a military primarily for ____________rather than a way of life, as in Sparta. |
| naval | Athens was more of a _____________power than Sparta. |
| talk | Athenians loved to _________________. |
| Greece | Today Athens is the capital of ________________. |
| Persians | The Greeks fought the ______________ and then themselves. |
| Cyrus the Great | In 546 BC, _____________________built a began the Persian empire by defeating the _____________. |
| Ionia | The Greek colonies on the coast of ______________ refused to pay tribute or taxes to Persian so they rebelled. |
| Athenians | The _______________assisted Ionia in their rebellion against Persian. |
| Darius | _______________wanted to punish Athens, so he sent a massive army to Greece in 490 BC. |
| Battle of Marathon | A major battle outside of Athens. |
| part-time, citizen soldiers | Athenian army consisted primarily of ________________ who were protecting their home states. |
| Persians | After just a few hours of the Battle of Marathon, 6,400 ___________had died and only 192 Athenians. |
| Pheidippides | Ran 26 miles back to Athens with the good news of the Athens win over the Persians |
| Xeres | __________became the ruler of Persia after his father, Darius died |
| Battle of Thermopyle | In the ________________ 300 Spartans and 6,000 allies met 200,000 Persians |
| Spartans | All the ________________died in the Battle of Thermopyle but so did 20,000 Persians. |
| Salamis | Xeres finally got to Athens and found that the Athenians had moved to ________________. |
| Athenians | In 480 BC the _________________won the war against the Persians and become the superpower of Greece |
| Battle of Salamis | The _____________________started the Golden Age of Athens. |
| Pericles | The greatest Athenian leader of all time. Elected general for 16 years and led the city for 30 years |
| democratic | Athens was very ______________under the leadership of Pericles |
| equals | Athens did not treat other cities as ________________ which resulted in another war. |
| Peloponnesian War | War between Athens and Sparta that lasted 27 years. |
| Athens | In the Peloponnesian War, _______________had a great navy. |
| Sparta | In the Peloponnesian War, _______________had a great army. |
| plague | Sparta laid seige to Athens and a great ____________struck during the war. |
| Sparta | In 404 BC __________________defeated Athens with some assistance from the Persian. |
| Macedon | Sparta won the war, but could not defend itself from other Greek city-states and eventually ________________would rule Greece. |
| Socrates | Originally a sculpture but later become a teacher |
| philospher | Socrates would rather be called a ________________ than a sophits because he considered them deceitful, proud and "user of words" |
| absolute truth | Socrates believed in people thinking for themselves and using reason & logic to discover __________________. |
| sophists | _______________believed in relative truth - that truth can change depending on the the situation. |
| Socratic Method | taught by using questions - Jesus later would teach the same way |
| Know Yourself | famous saying of Socrates |
| democracy | Socrates criticized ________________because he believed the untrained were elected. |
| atheism | Socrates was put to trial because he was accused of _______________ and corrupting youth. |
| hemlock | Socrates was found guilty in his trial and chose to die by __________rather than be exiled. |
| Plato | scientist and philosopher who was a student of Socrates |
| dialogue | Plato recorded the thoughts of Socrates in ______________form. |
| The Republic | Plato's most famous work about an ideal government run by a trained class of philosopher kings |
| Metaphor of the Cave | One of the most famous stories of philosphy in the Western world; found in The Republic |
| ideals | Plato believed you could not know the truth in the real world, but in the world of _______________. |
| Aristotle | scientist, philospher and student of Plato |
| material world | Aristotle believed in finding truth in the ______________. |
| plants and animals | Aristotle classified _________________________. |
| politics | Aristotle wrote about logics and _________________. |
| Catholic church | Artistotle was considered an authority of life by the _______________ and was called the "Master". |
| Truth about the characteristics of Greek religion | Greek religion had no moral focus or salvation. There were no commandments or holy book. |
| False about the characteristics of Greek religion | Greek religion had a lot of moral focus and believed in salvation. Greeks had their own commandments and holy book. |
| True about Greek afterlife | Greeks were not concerned very much about life after death |
| False about Greek afterlife | Greeks were very concerned about life after death |
| Mount Olympus | Greek gods like on __________________. |
| polytheistic | many gods |
| Zeus | Father of the gods; Roman name was Jupiter |
| Hera | wife of Zeus and protector of women |
| Poseidon | god of the sea |
| Hades | god of the deaad |
| Athena | goddess of wisdom and warrior |
| Aphrodite | goddess of love and beauty |
| Apollo | god of the sun, music and poetry |
| Dionysus | god of wine |
| Olympics | The ________________were held in honor of Zeus and were held every four years and lasted five days |
| 776 BC | The first Olympiad was held in this year |
| Heraea | Women had their own Olylmpics called _______________. |
| Doric, Ionic & Corinthian | columns used in Greek architecture |
| Doric | simple and favorite column used in Greek architecture |
| Ionic | column in Greek architecture that has "eyes" or scrolls |
| Corinthian | most elaborate column in Greek architecture; leafy design |
| Parthenon | best example of Greek architecture; temple for the goddess Athena |
| amphitheaters | ________________were built in hill sides and were shaped as half circles |
| Roman | most of what we know about Greek painting and sculpting comes from descriptions and ___________copies |
| vases | Best preserved Greek art painting can be found on _______________. |
| Phidias | known for his great statues of Athena and Zues |
| Temple of Olympia | location of Phidias' statue of Zeus and and considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World |
| Greek art | ___________________glorified the gods and humanity. |
| humanity | __________________was idealized - no blemishes |
| traits | ________________represented things such as strength, intelligence, beauty, grace and courage. |
| city-states | Greeks showed pride in their ______________________ through their art. |
| ideals | Greeks expressed _________________of harmony, balance and order combined with beauty and usefulness. |
| write plays | Greeks were the first to __________________. |
| True about Greek plays | Only men were allowed to be actors and participate in plays. |
| False about Greek plays | Both men and women were allowed to be actors and participate in plays. |
| tragedies | Greeks excelled in writing _________________, a play in which the main character struggles with life. |
| hubris | pride or overconfidence by Greek actors who considered themselves to have the same knowledge or abilities of the gods. |
| Oedipus Rex | perfect example of a tragedy and most famous pla during Greek time period. |
| comedies | Greeks also wrote _____________, plays that mocked people and ideas |
| Aristophanes | greatest Greek comedic playwright |
| The Clouds | famous Greek play which poked fun at Socrates and other important Greek people |
| farming | ________________was an important occupation for Athenians. |
| manufactured, traded | Athenians _______________high quality vases and ____________them with trade ships all over the Mediterranean. |
| True about Athenian family life | Athenian's family life consisted of arranged marriages, women had few rights and it was a very patriarchal society. |
| False about Athenian family life | Athenian's family like had very few arranged marriages, women had the most rights and it was a very matriarchal society. |
| pedagogue | slave tutor who educated wealthy boys |
| True about Athenian schooling | only the boys were educated in literature classics, grammar, music, geometry, astronomy, rhetoric and arithmatic |
| False about Athenian schooling | both boys and girls were educated in literature classics, grammar, music, geometry, astronomy, rhetoric and arithmatic |
| Greek | the most widely spoken language of the Mediterranean; the New Testament was written in this language |
| Philip of Macedon | Father of Alexander the Great |
| Macedonia | north of Greece and were related to the Greeks |
| strong Army | Macedonia had a ________________of 10,000 men who were regularly paid |
| Macedonian Army | The _____________________ also had an infantry of foot soldiers and calvary of mounted men. |
| phalanx | organized part of the infantry with 16 rows of tightly spaced soliders with lances |
| Philip of Macedon | unified his own people and conquered the Greek city-states by 338 BC |
| Alexander the Great | took over Macedon at the age of 20 after his father was assassinated at his daughter's wedding by an ex-bodyguard |
| Alexander the Great | _________________tutored by Aristotle, helped his father conquer the Greeks and was a very brave and skillful general |
| Hellenistic | means "like the Greeks" |
| India | Alexander the Great wanted a Hellenist empire stretching to ______________. |
| Persian Empire | In 334 BC Alexander the Great invaded the ________________. |
| Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia | Alexander the Great had conquered __________________by 331 BC |
| Gordium Knot | traditional story Alexander the Great heard after his first victory which said it could only be undone by the ruler of the world; Alexander the Great cut it in half |
| Persian | destroyed _______________armies and cpatured the wife and daugther of this countries king. |
| Egypt | Alexander the Great liberated this country; many cities named after him |
| Babylon | Alexander the Great made this city his capitol. |
| Indus | Alexander the Great marched his army all the way to ______________ but after 10 years, his men rebelled and turned around |
| Roxanne | Alexander the Great returned to Babylon and married _____________, a Persian princess to show cultural unity |
| cholera or malaria | Alexander died of this at the age of 33 |
| Hellenistic Empire | _________________was fought over by generals |
| Ptolemy | most famous general who took over Egypt; this dynast lasted for 200 years |
| Cleopatra | _______________was the last Ptolomy and Egypt became a Roman province after this death |
| Hellenized | to become Greek-like and prosper |
| Hellenized Jew | __________________are mentioned int eh New Testament |
| Alexandria | Became prosperous-had over 1 million people and a library with 750,000 papyrus scrolls |
| cynics, stoics, epicureans | three Hellenistic philosophies |
| Cynics | sought only virtue, rejected pain and pleasure |
| Diogenes | most famous cynic |
| Stoics | believed reason directed the world; thought you should be indifferent to pain & pleasure |
| stoicism | founded by Zeno |
| Epicurus | founded one of the Hellenistic philosophies which focused on pleasure |
| Epicureans | motto was "Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die. |
| Euclid | Greek mathematician often referred to as the "Father of Geometry" |
| Archimides | calculated the value of pie (ratio of circumference of a cirlce to its diameter) |
| Aristarchus | believed Earth and planets moved around the sun |
| heliocentric | theory that the earth and planets moved around the sun |
| Eotosthenes | calculated the circumference of the world within 50 miles of the true circumference |
| slaves | Greeks did not have much practical use for the knowledge because ___________did all the work. |
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