1.
Anne Hutchinson: As a dissident she openly taught things contrary to the Puritan Doctrine. She claimed to have had special revelations from God but the General Court banished her and she was later killed by Indians.
2.
Bacon's Rebellion: Nathaniel Bacon was denied entry into Berkley's inner circle and was opposed to it. Then conflict over Indian policy turned into an armed conflict. Bacon led a rebellion, burning down Jamestown, but he soon died of dysentery.
3.
Baptists: Nonestablished religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening. Various evangelical Protestant churches that believe in the baptism of voluntary believers.
4.
Calvinists: Members of a religion based on the teachings of John Calvin, who were anti-monarchy, anti-Catholic, pro-democracy and pro-capitalism
5.
Congregational Church: A church grown out of the Puritan church, was established in all New England colonies but Rhode Island. It was based on the belief that individual churches should govern themselves
6.
Encomineda system: A system of large manors or estates managed by the Indian slaves for the benefit of the conquistadores and to deal with labor shortages. It was later replaced by the hacienda system.
7.
George Whitefield: Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights" after his journey to the colonies.
8.
Great Awakening: A series of religious revivals throughout the colonies during the 1720s to 1740s, proclaiming the message of personal repentance and faith in Jesus for salvation from hell. It resulted in America's religious community dividing between the "Old Lights" and the "New Lights".
9.
Headright system: Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.
10.
Indentured servitude: A poor worker's passage to America was paid by an America planter or company, who in exchange, was indentured to work for them for a certain number of years. The system usually involved abuse and mistreatment of the servants.
11.
Jamestown: The first permanent English settlement in North America, located on the James River, set up by the Virginia Company of London, in 1607. However the colonies survival remained in doubt for years as they faced difficulties.. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop.
12.
Jeremiads: In the 1600's, Puritan preachers noticed a decline in the religious devotion of second-generation settlers. To combat this decreasing piety, they preached a type of sermon called the jeremiad. The jeremiads focused on the teachings of Jeremiah, a Biblical prophet who warned of doom.
13.
John Peter Zenger: Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty.
14.
John Rolfe: A Virginia resident who discovered that a superior strain of tobacco (native to the West Indies) could be grown in Virginia. The discovery became Virginia's major cash crop. He also married Pocahantas
15.
John Smith: His leadership kept Jamestown from collapsing from 1608-1609. Smith's rule was, "He who works not, eats not."
16.
John Winthrop: First Massachusetts Governor, in 1630, who was thought to be too strict by Thomas Hooker and his followers, but not strict enough by a neighboring group led by John Davenport.
17.
Johnathon Edwards: A Congregationalist who took part in the Great Awakening. He was best known for his sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an angry God."
18.
Joint-stock Company: Companies that raised their capital by the sale of shares of stock. They were used to finance and carry on English trade with Russia, Africa and the Middle East. As well as support the American colonies. Ex: Virginia Company of London and Virginia Company of Plymouth
19.
Massaoit: Leader of Wampanoags, tries to have peace between English, prevented the failure of Plymouth Colony and the almost certain starvation that the Pilgrims faced during the earliest years of the colony's establishment.
20.
Mayflower Compact: The first agreement for self-government in America, in 1620. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower before arriving on shore in Plymouth.
21.
Middle Passage: A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
22.
Nathaniel Bacon: Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia Colony
23.
NYC Slave Revolt: Occured in 1712, a result of slaves' harsh conditions in captivity. Slaves killed 12 whites, and lead to the execution of 21 blacks
24.
Peter Stuyvesant: The last governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664.
25.
Phyliss Wheatley: (1753 - 1784) The first published African American poet first African-American woman whose writings were published. Originally a slave at age seven, but was taught to read and write by the family who purchased her. The Wheatley family of Boston also helped encourage her poetry. The 1773 publication of Wheatley's Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral brought her fame
26.
Pochantas: Virginia Indian chief's daughter, who saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until Powhatan's death.
27.
Powhatan: Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy, local to the Jamestown colony. He helped them by teaching them how to plant crops and survive.
28.
Puritans: They took bible and religion seriously and felt the Anglican Church still retained too many unscriptural practices left over from Roman Catholicism. Puritans saw their colonies as a place to serve god and build his kingdom. They founded Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629.
29.
Roger Williams: A Puritan preacher dissident, was asked to leave the Massachusetts colony after his practice became to disruptive. Instead of returning to England he bought land in the wilderness and established the quickly populated Providence settlement in 1636.
30.
Salem Witch Trials: In 1962 about twenty people were executed after several girls had claimed to be tormented by their occult activities.
31.
Slave Codes: Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved african americans and denied them basic rights.
32.
Triangle Trade: the trading system between the Americas, England and Africa; Africa would give slaves and rum to the Americas, including the West Indies; America would offer timber, tobacco, fish, and flour; England trade fine goods, and process and ship back
33.
William Penn: Came from a prominent British family and had converted to Quakerism at a young age. He established a colony in America, laying out Philadelphia, with a representative assembly, religious freedom and peaceful relations with the Indians.
