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observing using one or more of your five senses to gather information qualitative observation descriptions that do not involve numbers quantitative observation descriptions that involve numbers (or measurements) inferring explaining or interpreting the things that you observe predicting forecasting what will happen in the future based on past experience. hypothesis possible answer to a science question or explanation for a set of observations. manipulated variable variable that is changed responding variable variable that changes as a result of changes in the manipulated variable controlled variable a variable that is kept the same during an experiment controlled experiment an investigation in which all the variables remain the same except one data the facts, figures and other evidence gathered through observations. communicating sharing ideas and conclusions with others through speaking and writing law statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of circumstances theory well-tested explanation for a set of observations