Exam - Levels of Organization + Taxonomy + Characteristics of Life
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96 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 atom | a building block of matter |
| molecules | two or more atoms chemically combined (also building blocks) |
| element | a pure substance made by one kind of atom |
| compound | a substance made by chemically combined elements |
| organic | a substance synthesized by organisms |
| inorganic | a substance not made from organisms |
| mixture | a substance with physical associations of elements |
| organelles | packets of molecules that carry out chemistry (specializing in one chemistry) |
| organelles | what differentiates living/non-living things |
| cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism |
| tissues | group of cells designed to function together |
| organ | a structure made of multiple tissues |
| organ system | a group of organs that will function together |
| organism | an entire living thing (could have an organ system or be unicellular) |
| population | a group of a single species in an area |
| community | an entire array of organisms |
| ecosystem | consists of all the organisms and non-living things in a particular area (community+ all physical props. that affect them) |
| biome | an area indentified by its flora, fauna, and weather |
| biosphere | the regions and the surfaces of the earth or any other planet occupied by living organims |
| connective tissue | tissue consisting of a sparse population of cells held in an abundant extracellular matrix |
| epithelial tissue | tissue that helps to protect organisms from microorganisms, injury, and fluid loss |
| muscle tissue | tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting |
| nervous tissue | tissue made up of neurons and supportive cells |
| circulatory system | the system that circulates blood and lymph through the body |
| endocrine system | a system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help control bodily metabolic activity |
| excretory system | the system that removes excess unnescessary or dangerous materials from an organisms |
| digestive system | the system that makes food absorable into the body |
| immune system | the system that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms |
| integumentary system | the skin and its appendages |
| muscular system | all the skeletal muscles in the body |
| nervous system | the system that forms a communication and coordination netowrk b/w all the parts of an animal's body |
| reproductive system | the system responsible for reproduction |
| skeletal system | the system that provides body supports and protects body organs |
| Taxonomy | Grouping organisms based on their characteristics |
| Aristotle | First taxonomist |
| Plants | (Aristotle) Categorized by size |
| Animals | (Aristotle) Categorized by habitat |
| Domain | 1st Taxa |
| Kingdom | 2nd Taxa |
| Phylum | 3rd Taxa |
| Class | 4th Taxa |
| Order | 5th Taxa |
| Family | 6th Taxa |
| Genus | 7th Taxa |
| Species | 8th Taxa |
| Carolus Linnaeus | Taxonomist who created the 7 taxa. |
| Scientific name | genus + species |
| Genomics | Observation of the genetic sequence |
| Biochemistry | The study of the chemistry within living organisms |
| Phylogeny | The evolutionary developement of a species or a group of organisms |
| Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya | The 3 Domains |
| Animals, Fungi, Plants, Protists | The 4 kingdoms of Eukarya |
| Eukarya | Domain (Human) |
| Animalia | Kingdom (Human) |
| Chordata | Phylum (Human) |
| Mammalia | Class (Human) |
| Primata | Order (Human) |
| Hominidae | Family (Human) |
| Homo | Genus (Human) |
| Sapiens | Species (Human) |
| Cell Theory | Concept that says that cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things |
| Eukaryotic | Cells that have a nucleus |
| Prokaryotic | Cells that don't have nucleus |
| Unicellular | organism consisting of only one cell |
| Multicellular | organisms consisting of multiple cells |
| Colonies | A group of individuals that work together as a unit |
| Colonial | describes the type of organism the Portugese man o' war is |
| Metabolism | All of the chemistry that occurs in an organism |
| Anabolism | a chemical reaction that builds molecules |
| Catabolism | a chemical reaction that breaks down molecules |
| Assimilation | How living things grow: taking food in, breaking it down, change it around and make what is needed. |
| Development | change in an organism to be able to reproduce |
| Maturity | Stage of life at which an organism can reproduce |
| life span | from beginning to death |
| Asexual | type of reproduction that produces clones because there is only one source of DNA |
| Sexual | type of reproduction that allows for a variety to exist in a population |
| Asexual | type of reproduction that is used for organisms that live in very stable enviroments |
| Response | A reaction to a stimulus |
| Stimulus | any factor in the enviroment that causes an organism to make an adjustment |
| Irritability | the ability to respond to an enivormental factor |
| Homeostatsis | steady state or balance that all organisms strive to maintain |
| Adaptation | any trait that makes an organism better suited to survive |
| Variation | Differences that exist in a group of organisms |
| Response to Stimuli | Characteristic that leads to the survival of the individual |
| Evolution | Leads to the survival of a species - a gradual accumulation of changes |
| Antibodies,Enzymes, Hormones | substances that allows for chemical coordination (3) |
| digest lactose | Lactose intolerance is the inability to (a) produce milk proteins (b) produce lactose (c) digest cellulose (d) digest lactose (e) digest milk fats |
| COOH | Which of the following is a carboxyl group (a) -C=O (b) -OH (c) -NH2 (d) -COOH (e) -SH |
| NH2 | Which of the folowing is an amino group (a) -OH (b) -NH2 (c) -COOH (d) -CO (e) -CH3 |
| amino acids | Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group? (a) amino acids (b) fat (c) sugars (d) ATP (e) vinegar |
| ose | Many names for sugars end in the suffix (a) -acid (b) -ose (c) -hyde (d) -ase (e) -ing |
| ase | Many names for enzymes end in the suffix (a) -ose (b) -acid (c) -ase (d) -ing (e) -hyde |
| starch | High-fructose corn syrup is composed of primarily of a polysaccharide called (a) sucrose (b) starch (c) hydrocarbon (d) cellulose (e) lactose |
| plants | Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from (a) plants (b) diary products (c) red meats (d) fish (e) poultry |
| CH2O | The molecular formula for most monosaccharides represents a multiple of (a) CH3O (b) CH2O (c) CHO (d) CHO2 (e) CHO3 |
| hyrdrophobic | Fatty acids are (a) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. (b) composed of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phospate group. (c) hydrophobic. (d) composed of four linked rings. (e) components of DNA. |
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