Chapter 5- Ancient Greece
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Created by:
paulinapodsiadlik on September 18, 2011
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mycenaean | An Indo-European person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2,000 B.C. |
| Trojan War | War fought are around 1200 B.C. in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolla. |
| Dorian | Moved in about 1200 B.C., less advanced, kept no written record during their time period. |
| Homer | Great blind storyteller- wrote Iliad |
| Epic | A long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes. |
| Myth | A traditional story about Gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world, or the customs and beliefs of a society. |
| Polis | A city and it's surrounding villages |
| Acropolis | A fortified hilltop |
| Monarchy | ruled by a king |
| Aristocracy | A small group of noble, landowning families |
| Oligarchy | A government ruled by a few powerful people |
| Tyrant | seizeed control of the government by appealing to the common people for support |
| democracy | government controlled by its citizens either directly or through representatives |
| helot | peasants forced to farm land |
| phalanx | military formation of soldiers armed with spears and shields |
| persian wars | series of wars in 5th century B.C. in which greek city states battled the persian empire. |
| direct democracy | a government in which citizens rule directly, rather than through representatives |
| classical art | valued harmony, order, balance, and proportion |
| tradgedy | serious drama with themes such as love, hate, war, and betrayl |
| comedy | a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire. |
| peloponnesian war | war lasting from 431- 404 B.C., in which Athens and it's allies were defeated by Sparta and it's allies. |
| Philosopher | A thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, humans, society, and morality. |
| Socrates | believed absolute standards did exist for truth and justice.. encouraged people to question morals |
| Plato | student of socrates. wrote "the republic" -in it set forth his vision of perfect society. |
| Aristotle | philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and all of human belief, thought, and knowledge. |
| Philip II | Moved against persia to seize its vast wealth. hoped to avenge Persian invasian of Greece. |
| Macedonia | north of greece. had rough terrain and cold climate. |
| Alexander the Great | King of macedonia. |
| Darius III | King of persia |
| hellenistic | greek culture, blended with egyption, persian, and indian |
| Alexandria | Center of commerce and hellenistic civilization |
| euclid | highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. Came up with many Geometry proofs. |
| Archimedes | Hellenistic scientist, studied at Alexandria, estimated value of pi. |
| Colossus of Rhodes | An enormous Hellenistic statue that formerly stoof near the harbor of Rhodes. |
| Very mountainous region, hard to make contact. The geography nourished small independent communites. | Why was it hard for Greece to organize themselves into a single governent? |
| Greece defeated Persia. Athens became leader of the Delian League. | What happened just before the Golden Age of Athens? |
| Persians | Who was driven from the land during the Golden Age of Athens? |
| it was the center of academics. | Why was Alexandria, Egypt, the most important city in Hellenistic culture? |
| Stoicism | emphasis on virtue, focus on what individual can control |
| Epicureanism | focus on harmony between body and mind |
| Delian League | alliance among greek city states who continued to press the war against the persians |
| Athens and Sparta | which major city states were involved in the pelopenesian wars? |
| King Philip II used phalanxes in his army. The greek city states could not agree on a single policy to unite on and fight. Athens and Thebes eventually tried to fight, but it was too late. | How was Macedonia able to conquer Greece? |
| Persia, Egypt, India, | Districts Alexander conquered. |
| Very strong city states, Both Greek city states | Similarities between Athens and Sparta |
| Athens had stronger navy. Sparta had stronger army. Sparta was a military state. Athens was not. | Differences between Athens and Sparta |
| Athens experienced a growth in intellectual and artistic learning. There was a direct democracy. Pericles used the money from the the Delian League's treasury to make Athenian army the strongest in the mediterranean. | What conditions existed in Athens in 5th century that contributed to the city's golden age? |
| Greece verse Persia. Greece won. Athens entered it's brief golden age. Greek city states felt a new sense of confidence and freedom. Athens emerged as leader of the Delian league. All city states in the Delian league somehow became apart of a vast Athenian empire because athens used its power to control other league members. | Effects of Persian war. |
| Sparta verse Athens. Sparta won. Athens got struck with the plague which wiped out up to 1/3 of their population. Athens lost their wealth, empire, and power. Many athenians lost their confidence in democratic government and began to question their values. | Effects of Pelopenissian war |
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