Chapter 4 pre-AP Biology Set 1
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Created by:
MeekerEnglish on September 18, 2011
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Plasma membrane | the celis outer boundary |
| Cytoplasm | region of the cell inside the plasma membrane that includes the fluid |
| Cytosol | part of cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles |
| Nucleus | membrane structure that contains a celis DNA |
| Prokaryotes | organisms made up of one or more cels that have a nucleus |
| Organelles | well defined intracellular bodies that perform certain functions in a cell |
| tissue | a group of similar cells and their products |
| organs | groups of tissues that perform certain jobs |
| organ system | a group of organs that accomplish related tasks |
| phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids lining up |
| chromosomes | when a cell is about to divide, the chromatin condenses |
| nuclear envelops | double membrane surrounding the nucleus |
| nucleolus | denser area in the nuclei |
| ribosomes | organelles made of protein and RNA that are direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| Mitochondria | tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | system of membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae |
| Golgi | system of flattened membranous sacs |
| Lysosomes | vesicles that bud from the golgi apparatus and contain digestie enzymes |
| Cytoskeleton | net work of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol |
| Microtybyles | hollow tubes made of tubulin (protein) |
| Microfilaments | long threads of bead like protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other |
| Cilid & Fragella | hair like structures that extend from the surface of the cell |
| Centrioles | two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm |
| Passive transport | crossing the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell |
| Diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration of molecules across a distance |
| Equilibrium | concentration of molecules will be the same throughout the space the molecules occupy |
| Osmosis | process by which water molecules diffuse across an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Hypotonic | solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| Hypotonic | solution whose solute is higher than the solute molecules is higher outside than inside |
| Isotonic | concentration of solutes outside & inside are equal |
| Contractive vacoules | organelles that remove water |
| Tugor Pressure | pressure that water molecules exert against the cell water |
| Plasmolysis | cells shrink away, and tugor pressure is lost |
| Cytolysis | the bursting of cells |
| Facilitated diffusion | passive transport |
| carrier protiens | movement of these kinds of molecules across the membrane is dissisted by |
| Ion channels | transport that involves proteins |
| Active transport | movement from higher concentration to lower |
| endocytosis | process by which cells ingest external fluid |
| Sodium-potassium pump | example of active transport in animal cells involves a carrier protein |
| Vesicle | when membrane-bound organelle breaks off from the cell |
| Pinocytosis | transport of solutes or fluids |
| phogocytosis | movement of large particles or whole cells |
| phagocytes | lysosomes to figure with the vesicle that contain the ingested bacteria and viruses |
| Exocytosis | process where a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle |
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