Honors Chemistry: Chapter 3 (excluding section 3)
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Created by:
joninacapino on September 18, 2011
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemical reaction | the transformation of a substance or substances into one or more new substances |
| law of conservation of mass | states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes |
| law of definite proportions | fact that a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound |
| law of multiple proportions | if two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers |
| Atomic Theory | 1. All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. 2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties. 3. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed. 4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds. 5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged. |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element |
| nucleus | a very small particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element |
| proton | a positively charged particle |
| neutron | neutral particles |
| electrons | negatively charged particles that surround the nucleus |
| subatomic particles | protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| alpha particles | positively charged particles with about four times the mass of a hydrogen atom |
| nuclear forces | short-range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces hold the nuclear particles together |
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