| Term | Definition |
|---|
| gamete | a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another reproductive cell to form a zygote |
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in a single-celled organisms by which one cell divides in to two cells of the same size |
| gene | a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait |
| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made of DNA and protein, in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| chromatid | one of the two strands of the chromosome that become visible during meiosis and mitosis |
| centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
| homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same gene sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| diploid | a cell that contains two haploid chromosomes |
| haploid | describes a cel, nucleus, or organism, that has only one set of upaired chromosomes |
| zygote | the cell that results from the fusion of gametes; a fertilized egg |
| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex cell |
| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| karyotype | an array of the chromosomes found in an individual's cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of dimiinishing size |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of the cell; in eukaryotes, it consisits of a cell growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell division period in which mitosis takes place |
| interphase | a period between two mitotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes protein |
| mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division, that forms new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm divides in a cell; it follows the division of the cell's nucleus,by mitosis of meiosis |
| cancer | a tumor in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive |
| spindle | a network of microtubles that forms during mitosis and moves chromatids to their poles |
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