Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1, Introduction
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Created by:
rcicala on September 19, 2011
Subjects:
honors human anatomy & physiology
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108 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pelvic Cavity | Part of the large intestine,urinary bladder, reproductive organs |
| Abdominal Cavity | Stomach, Spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity | Abdominal & Pelvic |
| Thoracic Cavity | Right and left compartment seperated by mediastinum (heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea) |
| Spinal Cavity | Spinal cord |
| Cranial Cavity | Brain |
| Ventral Cavity | Front side |
| Dorsal Cavity | Back side |
| Viscera | Inner (ex; "Visceral Organs; Internal Organs.) |
| Appendicular | Arms & Legs |
| Axial Portion | Head, neck, trunk |
| Group (mass) of cells (working together) forms... | Tissue |
| Group of tissues (working together) forms... | Organs |
| Groups of organs (working together) form.. | Organ systems |
| Physiology | The study of the function of the body parts (what they do and why they do it) |
| Anatomy | The structure of body parts (Also called morphology) |
| Homeostasis | Tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal enviroment. Accomplished through self regulating adjustments |
| Survival Needs | Water, Oxygen, Food, Heat, & Pressure (All must be regulated) |
| Circulation | Movement of substances throughout the body |
| Assimilation | Changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances |
| Excretion | Getting rid of wastes |
| Metabolism | All the physical & chemical changes that occur in the body |
| Absorbtion | Passage of digested products (food substances) through membranes & into body fluids |
| Digestion | Chemically changing (breaking down) food substances & getting rid of wastes |
| Respiration | Obtaining oxygen, using it to release energy from food substances & getting rid of wastes |
| Reproduction | Parents produce offspring/producing new individuals |
| Growth | increase in body size |
| Responsiveness (Irritability) | The ability to sense changes within or around the organism & react to them |
| Movement | Self initiated change in position, motion of internal parts |
| The thoracic & abdominopelvic cavity is seperated by the.. | Diaphragm |
| The organs within the cavities surround by a type of two layered membrane called the... | Serous Membrane |
| Serouses Fluid | Lubricates organs |
| Serous membrane is | there to protect |
| Outer layer of membrane | Parietal Layer |
| Parietal Layer | forms a lining against the inner half of each cavity (Outer layer) |
| Visceral layer | Covers the surface of each organ, (Inner Layer) |
| Pleura Membrane | Surrounds the lungs |
| Outer Layer & Inner Layer (Lungs) | Parietal Pleura & Visceral Pleura |
| Pericardium | Surrounds the heart |
| Outer Layer & Inner Layer (Heart) | Parietal Pericardium & Visceral Pericardium |
| Peritoneum | Surrounds (all the organs within) the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Outer Layer & Inner Layer (Abdominopelvic) | Parietal Peritoneum & Visceral Peritoneum |
| Serous Fluid | Between the layers of each membrane |
| Integumentary System | Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat glands ( Protects underlying tissue & regulates body temp) |
| Endocrine system | Ductless glands; Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal glands (Secretion of hormones & communication between body parts) |
| Nervous System | Brain, spinal cord, nerves throughout the body (communication throughout the body, mental activities& maintaining homeostasis) |
| Muscular System | Muscles of the body (Movement, maintenance of posture, production of body heat.) |
| Skeletal System | Bones, ligaments, cartilage (support, movement, protection & production of blood cells) |
| Digestive System | Mouth, teeth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, the intestines, liver, gallbladder, & many glands including the pancreas. (Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed |
| Circulatory system | Heart, blood vessels, & blood (transports materials throughout the body) |
| Lymphatic System | Basically is the immune system (sometimes included with the circulatory system) |
| Urinary System | Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra (Removes/filters wastes from the blood & helps maintain the body's water & electrolyte balance) |
| Reproductive System | Reproductive organs, primarily the ovaries & testes (Produces special reproductive cells for reproduction) |
| Abdominal | Stomach |
| Deltoid | Shoulder |
| Antebrachial | Forearm |
| Brachial | Upper arm |
| Buccal | Cheeks |
| Carpal | Wrist |
| Cephalic | Head |
| Cervical | Neck |
| Digital/Digits | Fingers & Toes |
| Dorsal | Back |
| Femoral | Thighs |
| Frontal | Forehead |
| Genital | Reproductive parts |
| Gluteal | Backside (Buttocks) |
| Inguinal | Groin |
| Lumbar | Lower back |
| Mammary | Breast |
| Nasal | Nose |
| Occipital | Back of head |
| Olecranal | Elbow |
| Oral | Mouth |
| Orbital | Eyes |
| Palmar | Palm of hand |
| Pectoral | Chest |
| Pedal | Foot |
| Pelvic/Coxal | Hip/Pelvic bone area |
| Plantar | Bottom of foot |
| Popliteal | Back of knee |
| Sacral | Tailbone |
| Sternal | Breastbone |
| Umbilical | Belly button |
| Vertebral | Spine |
| Patellar | Knee |
| Crual | Shin |
| Sural | Calf |
| Antecubital | Front elbow |
| Axillary | Arm pit |
| Tarsal | Ankle |
| An inbalance in your body... | will cause problems |
| All Systems | Basically work together |
| Nutrients (needed) | Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins & minerals |
| Necessary life functions | maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Anterior | Front |
| Posterior | Back |
| Medial | Towards the midline |
| Lateral | Away from the midline |
| Proximal | Closer to the joint |
| Distal | Futher from the joints |
| Superficial | Top;Closer to the surface |
| Deep | Bottom or underneath |
| Coronal plane | Frontal |
| Transverse plane | Horizontal |
| Sagittal plane | Median |
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