BIOL 2401 Vocabulary 3.6 (The Cellular Level of Organization: Protein Synthesis)
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Cassilicious on September 19, 2011
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Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 13th ed. by Gerard J. Tortora & Bryan Derrickson; Chapter 3: The Cellular Level of Organization.
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 proteome | The termt that refers to all of an organism's proteins. |
| gene expression | In this process, a gene's DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein. |
| transcription | The first process of gene expression that occurs in the nucleus in which the information encoded in a specific region of DNA is copied to produce a specific molecule of RNA. |
| translation | The second process of gene expression in which the RNA attaches to a ribosome, where the information contained in RNA is translated into a corresponding sequence of amino acids to form a new protein molecule. |
| base triplet | A sequence of three nucleotides in DNA. |
| codon | Each DNA base triplet is transcribed as a complementary sequence of three nucleotides, called a _______. |
| genetic code | The set of rules that relate the base triplet sequence of DNA to the corresponding codons of RNA and the amino acids they specify. |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | The type of RNA that directs the synthesis of a protein. |
| ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | The type of RNA that joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes. |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | The type of RNA that binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated into a protein during translation. |
| anticodon | One end of the tRNA carries a specific amino acid, and the opposite end consists of a triplet of nucleotides called an _______. |
| RNA polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes transcription of DNA. |
| promoter | The segment of DNA where transcription begins, a special nucleotide sequence called a _______, is located near the beginning of a gene. |
| terminator | Transcription of the DNA strand ends at another special nucleotide sequence called a _______, which specifies the end of the gene. |
| introns; exons | Regions within a gene called _______ do not code for parts of proteins. They are located between regions called _______ that do code for segments of a protein. |
| pre-mRNA | Immediately after transcription, the transcript includes information from both introns and exons and is called... |
| small nuclear ribonucleoproteins | The introns are removed from pre-mRNA by... |
| alternative splicing | A process in which the pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene is spliced in different ways to produce several different mRNAs. |
| polyribosome | Several ribosomes attached to the same mRNA. |
| recombinants | Organisms with altered genes. |
| recombinant DNA | Synthetic DNA, formed by joining a fragment of DNA from one source to a portion of DNA from another. |
| genetic engineering | The manufacture and manipulation of genetic material. |
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