| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Abscisic Acid | inhibits stomata, inhibits growth, promotes and induces seed dormancy |
| Abscission | shedding of flowers and leaves and fruit following formation of scar tissue in a plant |
| Alternation of Generations | life cycle in which a haploid gamete-producing individual (gametophyte) alternated with a diploid spore-producing individual (sporophyte) |
| Anther | the part of the stamen that contains pollen |
| Apical Dominance | Inhibition of lateral buds by presence of a terminal bud |
| Auxin | a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth |
| Carpel | ovule-bearing unit that is a part of a pistil |
| Cotyledon | an embryonic seed leaf; stores all nutrients for the embryo at the beginning of germination |
| Cytokinin | promotes cell division |
| Day Neutral Plant | Plant that flowers independently of day length |
| Dormancy | cessation of Growth under conditions that seem appropriate for growth |
| Double Fertilization | unique to angiosperms, term used to describe one sperm fusing with the egg, while the other fuses with two nuclei in the large central cell of the famale gametophyte. |
| Embryo | develops from a zygote; part of the seed |
| Embryo sac | Female gametophyte of angiosperms, produces egg cell |
| Endosperm | nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants |
| Ethylene | hormone that promotes leaf abscission and fruit ripening |
| Female Gametophyte | Seed Plants: produces egg; flowering plants: embryo sac |
| Filament | the stalk of a stamen |
| Flower | Reproductive organ of plants that contains the structures for the production of pollen grains and covered seeds |
| Fruit | a mature ovary containing seeds surrounded by fleshy cover |
| Gametophyte | In the life cycle of a plant, the haploid generation that produces gamete |
| Genetically Modified Plant | plant carrying the genes of another organism; transgenic plant |
| Germinate | to begin to grow, sprout |
| Gibberellin | A class of related plant hormones that stimulate growth in the stem and leaves, trigger the germination of seeds and breaking of bud dormancy, and stimulate fruit development with auxin. |
| Gravitropism | Response of the plant to the force of gravity |
| Hybridization | crossing of different species |
| Long Day Plant | a plant that needs long periods of day before it can bloom |
| Male Gametophyte | pollen grain |
| Megaspore | haploid spore that develops into female gametophyte (embryo sac) |
| Megasporocyte | undergoes meiosis to produce 4 haploid cells, one becomes egg |
| Microspore | spore that develops into male gametophyte (pollen grain) |
| Microsporocyte | Produces microspores by meiosis |
| Ovary | base of the pistil in which the egg containing ovules develop |
| Ovule | Structure where the femal megaspore becomes an egg-producing female gametophyte which then develops into a seed |
| Petal | A modified leaf of a flowering plant, often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators. |
| Photoperiod | the night-day cycle to which many organisms respond |
| Phototropism | growth in response to light |
| Phytochrome | A photoreceptor that absorbs red light |
| Plant Hormone | chemical signal produced by various tissues; coordinates the activities of cells |
| Plumule | Embryonic plant shoot; bears young leaves |
| Pollen Grain | a sperm cell; male gametophyte; microspore |
| Pollination | transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant |
| Protoplast | The contents of a plant cell except the cell wall |
| Seed | Mature ovule; contains a sporophyte embryo with stored food enclosed by a protective coat |
| Senescence | the state of being or growing old. |
| Sepal | Outermost floral structure, encases flower before it opens |
| Short Day Plant | a plant that needs short periods of day before it can bloom |
| Somatic Embryo | Embryo asexually produces through tissue culture techniques |
| Spore | haploid reproductive cell |
| Sporophyte | Diploid generation; produces haploid spores |
| Stamen | the male reproductive organ of a flower |
| Stigma | Portion of the pistil where pollen grains adhere and germinate |
| Style | Elongated, central portion of the pistil |
| Tissue Culture | process that grows plants artificially in laboratories |
| Totipotent | The potential in stem cells to differentiate into any type of cell. |
| Transgenic Plant | Carries the genes of another plant; genetically modified |
| Tropism | Plant response to external stimuli |
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