1.
In a fetus how many curves of the spine are present?: One (it was concave)
2.
What are Costal Cartilages?: Bars of hyaline cartilage connecting superior ribs to edge of sternum and 8, 9, 10 cartilage. Cartilage 11, 12 end in abdominal musculature.
3.
What are Invertebral disks?: -Fibrocartilage disks that separate vertebrate
-thickest in cervical/lumbar where most movement occurs
-serve as shock absorbers
-fluid nucleus pulposus inbetween
4.
What are the 2 types of curves in the spine? What are the 4 curves present in the spine?: Concave I( and Convex I)
1. Cervical
2.Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5.
What are the 3 atypical Cervical Vertebrate?: 1: (atlas) No body or spine just an arch. Has 2 articulate chondyles connected to occipital chondyles allows up/down motion
2. (Axis) peg like structure -ondontoid process or dens- allows right/left motion
7. (Vetebra Prominens) longest spinous process that sticks out the most
6.
What are the 3 parts of sternum?: 1. Manubrium: triangular upper part attached to clavical
2. Body: middle large portion (attaches manubrium via fibrocartilage joint this forms sternal angle)
3. Xyphoid Process: smallest part (hyaline cartilage that becomes ossified thru life)
7.
What are the 5 types of Vertebrae?: 1.7 Cerevical
2. 12 Thoracic
3. 5 Lumbar
4. 5 Sacral (fuse into sacrum)
5. 4 Coccygeal (fuse into coccyx)
8.
What are the auricular surfaces?: articulate with the ilium (pelvic bone)
9.
What are the Clavicular notches?: sides of jugluar notch, articulate with clavicles
10.
What are the Lumbar Vertebrae?: -largest and strongest
-spinous processes are square looking
-superior/inferior articular processes face laterally and hold a lot of weight
11.
What are the parts of a vertebrate?: 1. Body
2. Vertebral Arch (made of pedicle and lamina)
3. Vertebral Foramen (when stacked form vertebral canal)
4. Transverse Process (attach to ribs)
5. Spinous process (just out the back)
6. Superior/Inferior Articular process (hold vertebrae together)
12.
What are the Sacrum Vertebrea?: -in between two hip bones
-triangular bone formed by 5 sacral vertebrate
-anterior side has 4 transverse lines and 8 pelvic foramina
13.
What are Thoracic Vertebrae: -larger than cervical
-long spines, points down
-costal facets and transverse processes are present (place of rib attachment)
-may have facets or demi-facets
14.
What are Vertebrae?: -irregular bones that compose the Ribs
15.
What is kyphosis?: Hunch back -Exaggeration in thoracic curve (old people)
16.
What is Lordosis?: Swayback -exaggeration of lumbar curve (pregnant women)
17.
What is Scoliosis?: Lateral bending, usually in thoracic region. (hunchback)
18.
What is the cervical curve?: Secondary curve in fetus that form after child can hold head errect
19.
What is the Cervical Vertebrate?: -smaller in size with larger vertebral arches
-Bifid (forked) spines 2nd-6th
-has transverse foramen (vertebral artery comes thru here)
20.
What is the Coccyx?: Triangular bone formed by fusion of coccygeal vertebrae
21.
What is the Jugular Notch?: Depression on superior surface of manubrium
22.
What is the lumbar curve?: Develop another curve when child starts to walk
23.
What is the Sacral Canal?: continuation of vertebral canal
24.
What is the Sacral promontory?: Birth Canal, anterior bone
25.
What is the Vertebral Column: Ribs, sternum (trunk). Framework of entire skeleton, bends all directions, supports head
26.
What is unique about thoracic 11 and 12?: Don't have facets or transverse processes
27.
Which curves are primary?: Thoracic and Sacral because existed in the womb (concave anteriorly)
28.
Which curves are secondary?: Cervical, lumbar because they were formed after birth (convex anteriorly)