| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Tariff | Tax on imports |
| Advantage of Tariff | Benefits manufacturers and related jobs |
| Disadvantage of Tariff | Hurts consumers and importing country |
| Protectionism | Protect industry and jobs with tariffs |
| Free Trade | Unhindered commerce between countries |
| Missouri Compromise | 1820 legislation that banned slavery in part of the Louisiana Purchase |
| Compromise of 1850 | Legislation admitting California as a free state |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Legislation the led to "Bleeding Kansas" |
| 1845 | Year that Texas was admitted as a slave state |
| Dred Scott Decision | Supreme Court ruled blacks have no rights a white man is bound top respect |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Abolitionist who published "The Liberator" |
| Harriet Tubman | Conductor on the Underground Railroad |
| John Brown | Led raid at Harper's Ferry |
| Nat Turner | Led 1831 slave revolt |
| Abolitionist | Wanted to outlaw slavery |
| Frederick Douglass | Freed slave, abolitionist, orator |
| John Calhoun | South Carolina senator, state's right advocate |
| State's Rights | Doctrine that state's power is greater than federal government's |
| King Cotton | Phrase showing importance of cotton to the world economy |
| Georgia Platform | Statement supporting the Compromise of 1850 |
| Fugitive Slave Act | Part of the Compromise of 1850 that required the return of escaped slaves |
| Unionist | Advocated preservation of the Union |
| Fire-eaters | Extreme pro-slavery advocates |
| 1861-1865 | Start of the Civil War |
| 1860 | Election of Abraham Lincoln |
| Stephen Douglas | Lincoln's longtime political foe |
| 1849 | California Gold Rush |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | Popular book that accentuated the horrors of slavery |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Raid at Harper's Ferry | Attempt to seize weapons for a slave revolt |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debates | Series of debates that brought Lincoln national attention |
| Whig Party | Predecessor of the Republican Party |
| Henry Clay | Whig senator from Kentucky |
| Underground Railroad | Network of abolitionists that aided escaping slaves |
| Popular Sovereignty | Championed by Stephen Douglas - territories would decide free-slave question by vote |
| Alexander Stephens | Georgia congressman, Whig, southern unionist |
| Hinton Rowan Helper | Southerner who criticized slavery because of economic impact |
| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina's attempt to declare tariffs invalid |
| Sectionalism | Division of nation into regions based on differing interests |
| Nullification | Legal theory that State's can declare federal laws invalid |
| Free-soiler | Opposed extension of slavery into the territories |
| 2nd Great Awakening | Religious revival that popularized abolition |
| The Liberator | Abolitionist Newspaper |
| Southern economy | Was based on agriculture |
| Northern economy | Was based on manufacturing and agriculture |
| Republican | Political party that descended from the Whigs |
| Democrat | Only nationwide political party after the Whigs dissolved |
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