| Term | Definition |
|---|
| macromolecule | large molecules made up of smaller molecules |
| polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| monomers | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule made up of nucleotides containing hereditary information |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of 5-carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous bases |
| double helix | double stranded DNA coiled around |
| codon | three nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for single amino acid |
| anticodon | group of three bases that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| promoter | region of DNA that indicated to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
| polypeptide chain | a sequence of amino acids and peptide bonds; also called a protein |
| DNA polymerase | Enzyme that proofreads new DNA strands helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA |
| cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane not including the nucleus |
| dehydration synthesis | process to make peptide bonds during translation |
| peptide bonds | bonds used in proteins to hold amino acids together |
| primary structure of protein | amino acids, peptide bonds |
| Covalent Bonds | bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Hydrogen Bonds | bonds that can easily be formed and broken that hold nitrogen bases together |
| Nitrogen Bases | the pairing in DNA is the key feature that allows DNA to be copied (adenine, thymine, uracil, guanine, cytosine) |
| Deoxyribose Sugar | sugar used in DNA to make up the "backbone" |
| Ribose Sugar | sugar used in RNA to make up the "backbone" |
| Phosphate | chemical compound in nucleotides to make up backbone is RNA and DNA |
| amino acids | monomers used to build protein and give a protein its specific job and shape |
| ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; uses mRNA to code with tRNA to make protein |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed |
| golgi apparatus | where proteins are modified and made better for their job |
| translation | decoding of mRNA into polypeptide chains |
| transcription | when part of the nucleotide sequence (gene) is copied into complementary RNA |
| terminator | the sequence that signals the end of transcription |
| messenger RNA | RNA molecules that carry copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into protein from DNA to the rest of the cell |
| transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosome during protein synthesis, has anticodon |
| point mutation | mutation that effects a single nucleotide replacing it with another |
| frameshift mutation | mutation that adds or loses a nucleotide causing the whole sequence to shift changing all of the amino acid sequences, can change proteins job |
Combine with other sets
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