| Term | Definition |
|---|
| catalyst | substances that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, a molecule made up of smaller substances |
| active site | where the groove on an enzyme is for substrates to go into |
| denature | temperature becomes to hot causing enzymes to break apart |
| equilibrium | moving at an equal rate, equal concentration on both sides |
| enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| pH scale | measurement system used to indicated the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, 0-14 |
| Acidic | higher concentration of H+ions then HO-ions, 0-6 |
| Basic | higher concentration of HO-ions then H+ions, 8-14 |
| Cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings, basic unit of all forms of life |
| Diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Endocytosis | process by which a cell takes in material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
| Passive Transport | a process of diffusion that does not need any energy |
| Phagocytosis | process in which extension of the cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take then into the cell |
| Active Transport | energy requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against concentration difference |
| Facilitated Diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| pinocytosis | process but which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| hydrophilic | attracted to water, more substances hydrophilic |
| hydrophobic | repelled by water/hydrophilic substances, attracted to itself |
| hypotonic | when comparing two substances, the substance with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| hypertonic | when comparing two substances, the substance with the greater concentration of solutes |
| isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| turgid | when a PLANT cell expands because too much water inside of it |
| lyse | when an ANIMAL cell bursts because too much water in it |
| plasmolysis | when a cell is in a hypertonic environment, the cell will lose water to its surroundings, shrink, and its plasma membrane will pull away from the wall |
| contractile vacuole | cavity in the cytoplasm of some protists that collects water and discharges it from the cell |
| phospholipid bilayer | makes up cell membrane, two layers of phospholipids |
| Molar concentration | concentration measured by the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent |
| Concentration gradient | the path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists |
| renaturation | a proteins chemical and physical aspects are restored when it is restored to its natural environment |
| phospholipids | hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail |
Combine with other sets
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