- Acidic: higher concentration of H+ions then HO-ions, 0-6
- activation energy: energy needed to get a reaction started
- active site: where the groove on an enzyme is for substrates to go into
- Active Transport: energy requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against concentration difference
- Basic: higher concentration of HO-ions then H+ions, 8-14
- catalyst: substances that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
- Cell: collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings, basic unit of all forms of life
- Concentration gradient: the path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists
- contractile vacuole: cavity in the cytoplasm of some protists that collects water and discharges it from the cell
- denature: temperature becomes to hot causing enzymes to break apart
- Diffusion: process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
- Endocytosis: process by which a cell takes in material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
- enzyme: protein that acts as a biological catalyst
- equilibrium: moving at an equal rate, equal concentration on both sides
- Exocytosis: process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
- Facilitated Diffusion: movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
- hydrophilic: attracted to water, more substances hydrophilic
- hydrophobic: repelled by water/hydrophilic substances, attracted to itself
- hypertonic: when comparing two substances, the substance with the greater concentration of solutes
- hypotonic: when comparing two substances, the substance with the lesser concentration of solutes
- isotonic: when the concentration of two solutions is the same
- lyse: when an ANIMAL cell bursts because too much water in it
- Molar concentration: concentration measured by the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent
- Osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
- Passive Transport: a process of diffusion that does not need any energy
- pH scale: measurement system used to indicated the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, 0-14
- Phagocytosis: process in which extension of the cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take then into the cell
- phospholipid bilayer: makes up cell membrane, two layers of phospholipids
- phospholipids: hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
- pinocytosis: process but which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
- plasmolysis: when a cell is in a hypertonic environment, the cell will lose water to its surroundings, shrink, and its plasma membrane will pull away from the wall
- renaturation: a proteins chemical and physical aspects are restored when it is restored to its natural environment
- substrate: reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, a molecule made up of smaller substances
- turgid: when a PLANT cell expands because too much water inside of it