Quizlet Enzyme/Cell Membrane

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  1. Acidic: higher concentration of H+ions then HO-ions, 0-6
  2. activation energy: energy needed to get a reaction started
  3. active site: where the groove on an enzyme is for substrates to go into
  4. Active Transport: energy requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against concentration difference
  5. Basic: higher concentration of HO-ions then H+ions, 8-14
  6. catalyst: substances that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
  7. Cell: collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings, basic unit of all forms of life
  8. Concentration gradient: the path molecules travel when an imbalance between separated molecule concentrations exists
  9. contractile vacuole: cavity in the cytoplasm of some protists that collects water and discharges it from the cell
  10. denature: temperature becomes to hot causing enzymes to break apart
  11. Diffusion: process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
  12. Endocytosis: process by which a cell takes in material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
  13. enzyme: protein that acts as a biological catalyst
  14. equilibrium: moving at an equal rate, equal concentration on both sides
  15. Exocytosis: process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
  16. Facilitated Diffusion: movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
  17. hydrophilic: attracted to water, more substances hydrophilic
  18. hydrophobic: repelled by water/hydrophilic substances, attracted to itself
  19. hypertonic: when comparing two substances, the substance with the greater concentration of solutes
  20. hypotonic: when comparing two substances, the substance with the lesser concentration of solutes
  21. isotonic: when the concentration of two solutions is the same
  22. lyse: when an ANIMAL cell bursts because too much water in it
  23. Molar concentration: concentration measured by the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent
  24. Osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
  25. Passive Transport: a process of diffusion that does not need any energy
  26. pH scale: measurement system used to indicated the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, 0-14
  27. Phagocytosis: process in which extension of the cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take then into the cell
  28. phospholipid bilayer: makes up cell membrane, two layers of phospholipids
  29. phospholipids: hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
  30. pinocytosis: process but which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
  31. plasmolysis: when a cell is in a hypertonic environment, the cell will lose water to its surroundings, shrink, and its plasma membrane will pull away from the wall
  32. renaturation: a proteins chemical and physical aspects are restored when it is restored to its natural environment
  33. substrate: reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, a molecule made up of smaller substances
  34. turgid: when a PLANT cell expands because too much water inside of it