Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Indian Civilizations
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Created by:
Lucreziiiaa on January 19, 2009
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61 terms
Malay | English |
|---|---|
| subcontinent |  a large and distinctive landmass (as India or Greenland) that is a distinct part of some continent |
| Himalayas | a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet |
| Mt. Everest | is the highest mountain on earth; in the Himalayas |
| Hindu Kush | a mountain range extending west of the Himalayas |
| Khyber Pass | a mountain pass of great strategic and commercial value in the Hindu Kush on the border between northern Pakistan and western Afghanistan |
| Indo Gangetic Plain | the "prized" area in India with its fertile and well watered lands that surrounds India's most holy of rivers |
| Thar Desert | India's longest desert that runs along India/Pakistan border |
| monsoon | rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains |
| Indus River | The earliest Indian civilization, dating back to 2500bc, began in the valley of this river in the northwestern part of the subcontinent of south Asia |
| Ganges River | India's most important river, flows across northern India into Bangladesh |
| Brahmaputra River | runs 1,800 miles from its source in the Tibetan Himalayas; it starts eastward across the plateau, then turns south into the Indian state of Assam, and then enters Bangladesh where it merges with the Ganges to form the world's largest delta. While serving as a historical route to Tibet, the river is also prone to disastrous flooding. |
| Deccan Plateau | a plateau in the central region of the Indian peninsula |
| Ghats | low lying hills on the peninsula where tea is grown |
| atman | the individual soul |
| Brahm | the world soul |
| moksha | refers to liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth and all of the suffering and limitation of worldly existence; the ultimate goal of Hinduism |
| Samsara | in Hinduism, the belief in a continuous cycle of life, death and rebirth (reincarnation) |
| dharma | in Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste |
| karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation |
| Vishnu | one of the three most important gods in Hinduism; known as preserver of the world |
| Brahman | one of the three main gods; the creator |
| Shiva | one of the three great gods; the destroyer |
| Vedas | the books of knowledge of ancient aryans which were the basis of hinduism |
| Ramayana | one of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne |
| Tamil Kingdoms | The kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, and somewhat differently, from the Aryan north; ruled by queens |
| Babur | 11-year old boy who inherited the kingdom of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. He was driven from power but later returned and retook his power |
| Akbar | Mughal emperor of India (1556-1605) who conquered most of northern India and exercised religious tolerance. He was considered the greatest Mughal leader of India. |
| Nur Jahan | Akbar's son's wife, she was the real ruler and ruled with an iron fist. |
| Taj Mahal | a tomb in which Sahan Jahan's wife was buried. He hired 20,000 craft workers and laborers from all over India, Asia, and Europe. After 22 years of hard working the Taj Mahal was built |
| Aurengzeb | Hindustani emperor (1658-1707) who imposed Muslim orthodoxy and expanded the empire. |
| Varna | (Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis) |
| Caste System | Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha |
| 4 Noble Truths | Core of Buddha's doctrine; all life involves suffering, desire is the cause of suffering, elimination of desire brings the end to suffering, and disciplined life conducted in accordance with the Eightfold Path brings elimination of desire |
| Eightfold Path | in Buddhism a set of guidelines on how to escape suffering |
| nirvana | final goal of Buddhism; release of selfishness and pain |
| jakatas | most common themes in buddhist art and are the subject of sermons and popular religious texts in all theravada societies |
| stupa | originally meant to house a relic of the Buddha; built in the form of burial mounds ultimately become a place for devotion; according to legend, Asoka ordered the construction of 84,000 of them throughout India |
| Jainism | founded by Mahavira, a religion that rejects the idea of a god(s) and supports a deep respect for all living things |
| Mahavira | He established Jainism c.500. He emphasized meditation, self-denial and non-violence to all living things. |
| Theravada | A sect of Buddhism focusing on the strict spiritual discipline originally advocated by the Buddha. |
| Mahayana | A sect of Buddhism that offers salvation to all and allows popular workship. |
| Harrapan Civilizations | First civilization of Indian subcontinent; emerged in Indus River valley |
| Aryans | this group of people settled in what is now India. |
| Sanskrit | the first writing system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 b.c. |
| Vedic Age | the period in the history of India when the sacred Vedic Sanskrit texts such as the Vedas were composed. |
| Maurya Empire | Indian empire founder by Chandragupta Maurya, beginning with his kingdom in northeastern India and spreading to most of northern and central India |
| Chandragupta Maurya | He formed the Empire of Maurya, and ruled according to the Arthashastra |
| Asoka | grandson of Chandragupta; most honored emperor for his commitment to spreading peace and prosperity to all; was buddhist but accepted other religions; decline came after his death |
| Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism |
| Rajahs | local princes of india |
| Chandra Gupta II | a Gupta ruler from A.D. 374-415 under which the Indian society prospered |
| Hindi | the most common language of modern day India |
| Upanishads | part of the Vedas written as dialogues between a student and a teacher in which they explore how a person can achieve liberation from desires and suffering (moksha) |
| Bhagavad Gita | Last 18 chapters of the Mahabharata, stressing the idea of proper conduct for one's status |
| Mughal Dynasty | founded by Barbur, his dynasty (1526-1857) |
| Hanuman | the monkey god often worshipped as a protector |
| Jahangir | weak ruler, married to Nur Jahan who ruled for him |
| Shah Jahan | was the ruler of the Mughal Empire in the Indian Subcontinent from 1628 until 1658. Built the Taj Mahal for his wife. |
| Mumtaz Mahal | Shah Jahan's wife who had a building named after her (Taj Mahal) , as he was only passionate about her and beautiful buildings |
| Ahisma | the Hindu belief that every object or living thing has a spirit |
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