Ancient Middle East
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 10 Commandments | Will need to write out 5 of the 10 1 -YOU SHALL HAVE NO OTHER "GODS" BEFORE ME 2 -YOU SHALL NOT MAKE FOR YOURSELF AN IDOL 3 -YOU SHALL NOT TAKE THE NAME OF GOD IN VAIN 4 -REMEMBER THE SABBATH DAY TO KEEP IT HOLY 5 -HONOR YOUR FATHER AND YOUR MOTHER 6 -YOU SHALL NOT MURDER 7 -YOU SHALL NOT COMMIT ADULTERY 8 -YOU SHALL NOT STEAL 9 -YOU SHALL NOT LIE 10 -YOU SHALL NOT COVET |
| Solomon | Known for his wisdom, allegedly met the Queen of Sheba, Built the 1st temple to house the Ark of the Covenant, had 700 wives which caused him to turn away from God |
| David | Established Jerusalem as a capital and killed the Philistine Goliath |
| Saul | 1st king of a united kingdom, tried to kill David because he was jealous of him |
| Torah | most holy of sacred Jewish writings, first 5 books of the Old Testament |
| Tanakh | Jewish Bible |
| Ethical monotheism | Belief that Jews must show obedience to God by obeying the law (10 Commandments) and atoning for sins |
| Bar Mitzvah | the coming of age ceremony for 13 year old Jewish boys |
| Kosher | dietary laws and precise methods for slaughter and food preparation |
| Rosh Hashanah | On this day God judges all his people and decides their fate in the next year |
| Yom Kippur | most important holiday - last opportunity to change God's judgement of ones deeds in the previous year |
| Hanukkah | includes the ritual of lighting the candles |
| Passover | Commemorates the Exodus |
| Issac | His father was willing to sacrifice him to prove his loyalty to God |
| Jacob | His 12 sons established the 12 Tribes of Israel |
| Abraham | considered to be the father of Judaism |
| Moses | Led the Hebrew slaves out of Israel and received the 10 Commandments on Mount Sinai |
| Hammurabi's Code | punishment was based on status, established the state as the authority and many laws dealt with property, was a public record of all existing laws |
| The Temple Mount | believed to be the place where Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son and the 1st temple was built |
| The Exodus | escape of the enslaved Hebrews from Egypt |
| monotheistic | the worship of one God, early Hebrews |
| "Crossroads of the World" | referred to the Fertile Crescent because it was a route connecting Asia, Europe and Africa, which allowed for the constant exchange of ideas, area extended from persian Gulf to the Red Sea |
| city-states | political unit made up of a city and surrounding lands |
| empire | the uniting of several peoples/nations under one ruler |
| ziggurats | baked brick temples |
| cultural diffusion | process by which the ideas, beliefs and products of one people are shared and accepted by another people |
| cuneiform | system of writing in which symbols are carved with a stylus into clay tablets |
| Anatolia | occupied by the Hittites, in Asia Minor |
| Carthage | Phoenician port city in North Africa |
| Sardis | Lydian capital |
| Nineveh | capital of Assyrian Empire |
| Palestine | known as Canaan or the Kingdom of Israel, homeland of the Hebrews |
| Tyre/Sidon | powerful city-state established by the sea faring merchants |
| Jerusalem | city that King David made into a great capital |
| Ur | Sumerian city-state |
| Susa | important city state to the Persians |
| Mesopotamia | area known as the "land between two rivers" |
| Sargon | established the first empire in recorded history |
| Zoroaster | taught that people had to choose between food and evil |
| Cyrus | known for his tolerance in the Persian Empire |
| Nebuchadnezzar | a strong leader of the Chaldeans |
| Phoenicians | purple dye, lumber from the Lebanon Mts. was an important resource, helped develop the modern alphabet |
| Sumerians | ruled by priest-kings, a math system based on 60, built ziggurats, used cuneiform, first to use and develop the arch, Gilgamesh was a famous king |
| Akkadians | first empire in recorded history, their language became the first international language in the FC |
| Assyrians | adopted gods of conquered peoples, first empire to replace priest kings with military leaders, first to use cavalry and empire included the entire FC and the Nile, followed a policy of "deport and depopulate" with conquered people, built one of the world's first libraries |
| Persians | built the Royal Road, created a postal system, followed a policy of tolerance, used the kings "eyes and ears" to keep peace in the kingdom, established a system of standard measures and had the largest empire and divided it into satraps |
| Babylonians | located mainly in the southern part of the FC, gave women some rights, |
| Chaldeans | known for their advancements in math and astronomy and created on of the wonders of the ancient world |
| Hittites | located in Asia Minor, frist to smelt iron and create iron weapons and war chariots, had a more forgiving law code |
| Lydians | Created the first system of coined money |
| flooding in the FC | was unpredictable and deposited silt which the farmers depended on |
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