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Gland Consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product. Either ENDOCRINE or EXOCRINE and either UNICELLULAR or MULTICELLULAR Secretion An aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins, but there is variation. Endocrine Gland Glands that lose their ducts; produce hormones, and most are compact multicellular organs, some are individual hormone-producing cells. Hormones Regulatory chemicals released by endocrine glands that are secreted by exocytosis directly into the extracellular space. Exocrine Glands Glands that secrete their products onto body surfaces or into body cavities. Include mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands. The liver and pancreas. Unicellular Glands Mucous Cells and Goblet Cells. Produce mucin, a complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water. Mucin forms mucus, protects and lubricates surface. Multicellular Exocrine Glands Glands with 2 basic parts: 1. an epithelium derived duct and 2. Secretory unit (acinus) consisting of secretory cells Simple Glands STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF GLANDS: unbranched duct ex. simple tubular; simple alveolar Compound Glands STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF GLANDS: branched duct ex. Compound Tubular; Compound Alveolar; Compound Tuboalveolar Tubular STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF GLANDS: if the secretory cells form tubes ex. Simple Tubular; Compound Tubular Alveolar STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF GLANDS: if the secretory cells form small, flasklike sacs ex. Simple Alveolar; Compound Alveolar Tubuloalveolar STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF GLANDS: If the secretory cell have both tubular and alveolar sacs ex. Compound tubuloalveolar Merocrine Glands Exocrine Glands modes of secretion. Secrete their products by exocytosis as they are produced. Holocrine Glands Exocrine Glands modes of secretion. Accumulate their products within them until they rupture. Replaced by the division of underlying cells. Cutaneous Membrane Skin, an organ system consisting of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium firmly attached to a thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue. Mucous membrane (mucosae) Membrane that lines body cavities that open to the exterior, such as those of the hollow organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts. Lays on the lamina propria. Lamina Propria A layer of loose connective tissue, above it is a sheet of epithelial tissue Serous Membranes (serosae) The moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavities. Encloses the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum Regeneration Replacement of destroyed tissue with the same kind of tissue Fibrosis It involves proliferation of fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue. Steps of Tissue Repair 1. Inflammation sets the stage. 2. Organization restores the blood supply. Blood clot replaced with granulation tissue. 3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanet repair. Granulation tissue A delicate pink tissue composed of several elements. It contains capillaries that grow in from nearby areas and lay down a new capillary bed. Primary germ layers In the embryonic cell the layer which lies one atop the next like a three layered cellular pancake Ectoderm In the Embryonic cell it gives rise to nervous tissue and epithelium Mesoderm In the embryonic cell it gives rise to muscle and connective tissue and epithelium Endoderm In the embryonic cell it gives rise to epithelium tissue