AP Biology Evolution Test
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Created by:
lauwoznicz13 on September 20, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Evolution | Genetic changes within a population over time |
| Evolution occurs in? | populations, not individuals |
| DaVinci | among first to identify extinct animals |
| Jean Baptiste de Lamarck | first to propose organisms change over time for reasons other than divine intervention; proposed acquired traits |
| acquired traits | environment altered behavior causing use or dis-use |
| Darwin's influences | Journey of Beagle; "Principle of Geology" by Charles Lyell (earth is very old); Artificial selection; Thomas Malthus (more organisms are born than resources can support-- competition results) |
| Darwin proposes evolution occurs because of what? | natural selection |
| favorable adaptation will allow what? | survival |
| unfavorable adaptation is what? | eliminated |
| favorable traits allow new what over time? | species |
| Natural Selection's 4 Key Points | 1. Variation (individuals vary; some increase chance of survival other's don't) 2. Overproduction (Each generation can produce more than will survive) 3. Limit to Population Growth (only so many resources available) 4. Differential Reproductive Success (individuals better adapted to the environment are more likely to reproduce) |
| Modern Synthesis | Combines Darwin's ideas with: -modern genetics knowledge -paleontology -developmental biology -behavior -ecology |
| Fossils | -oldest on bottom; incomplete record, mostly aquatic; over 300,000 species recorder |
| Homologous features | similar structure found in related organisms |
| Homoplasy | similar structures in unrelated organisms |
| Developmental Biology | development in different animals is controlled by same kind of gne |
| Hox gene | affections the expression of body patterns and limb formation |
| Molecular Comparisons | more closely DNA matches, more closely related |
| Phylogeny | uses molecular clocks, fossil evidence and structural data; shows evolutionary history of group of related history |
| Gene Pool | all of the alleles for the genes present in a population |
| Genotypic frequency | proportion of genotype in a population |
| phenotypic frequency | proportion of phenotype |
| allele frequency | proportion of specific allele |
| What did Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg come up with? | if the population is large, inheritance itself does not cause changes in allele ferquencies |
| Five Agents of Evolutionary Change | 1. Mutation (chemical changes to DNA) 2. Gene Flow (migration) 3. Non-random mating (sexual selection) 4. Genetic drift (small population) 5. Selection (Natural Selection; Differential Survival) |
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