Bio
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152 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 medial | toward the midline |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| superficial | near the surface |
| deep | away from the surface |
| proximal | situated nearest to point of attachment or origin |
| distal | away from an attached base |
| external | purely outward or superficial |
| internal | inside something, like your body |
| ipsilateral | on or relating to the same side (of the body) |
| contralateral | on or relating to the opposite side (of the body) |
| unilateral | On one side alone |
| bilateral | both sides |
| anatomy | the study of the structure of an organism |
| physiology | how the body works |
| pathology | The study of disease |
| pathophysiology | the study of functional changes associated with disease and aging |
| homeostasis | a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| negative feed back | most of your bodies systems are controlled by this. It brings something back to its original state or center point. |
| positive feed back | moves away from a center point. such as labor and blood clotting, initiates reaction that increases the stimulus |
| homeostasis imbalance | is a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease. |
| prone | lying face downward |
| supine | lying face upward |
| superior | Towards the top |
| inferior | lower |
| cranial,cephalic | toward the head |
| caudal | toward tail |
| anterior | Front |
| ventral | belly side |
| posterior | Back |
| dorsal | back |
| sagittal section | Dividing the body into right and left parts. |
| midsagittal section | divides directly down the middle |
| frontal (coronal) | divides body into front and back |
| abdominal | the region between the thorax and pelvis |
| antebrachial | pertaining to the forearm |
| antecubital | front of the elbow |
| axillary | armpit |
| brachial | of or relating to an arm |
| buccal | cheek |
| carpal | of or relating to the wrist |
| cephalic | pertaining to the head |
| cervical | pertaining to the neck |
| cranial | Skull |
| crural | Leg |
| cubital | elbow |
| cutaneous | skin |
| digital | fingers, toes |
| dorsal | pertaining to the back |
| femoral | Thigh |
| genu | knees |
| gluteal | butt |
| facial | Face |
| frontal | forehead |
| nasal | nose |
| oral | mouth |
| orbital/ophthalmic | eyes |
| zygomatic | Cheekbone |
| inguinal | groin |
| lumbar | lower back |
| mammary | breast |
| mental | chin |
| occipital | vision |
| olecranal | elbow |
| palmar | palm of the hand |
| parietal | crown of head |
| patellar | front of the knee |
| pectoral | chest |
| pedal | foot |
| pelvic | pertaining to pelvis |
| pes | Foot |
| pubic | genital region |
| plantar | Sole of foot |
| popiteal | Back of Knee |
| scapular | shoulder blade |
| sternal | breastbone |
| supraclavicular | nodes along the collar bone |
| tarsal | ankle |
| thoracic | chest |
| umbilical | navel |
| cranial cavity | Brain |
| spinal/ vertebral cavity | elongated cavity that contains the spinal cord,and verterbral cavity |
| Attoms | smallest particle of matter. |
| covalent bonds | sharing of electrons |
| Hydrogen bonds | weaker (slight charge at the H of H2O and a slight charge at the O of H2O) |
| Ions | electrically charged atoms |
| ionization | dissocitation |
| molecules and componds | compound |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| emzymes | increase rate cause to happen |
| dehydration synthesis | process where water is removed to put 2 smaller molecules together |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water |
| acids | the amount of H determines its aciditys |
| Ph scale | 0-14 (7 neutral) |
| ph<7 | more h+ ions |
| ph>7 | more oh- |
| monosaccarides | singal sugar |
| dissaccharides | double sugar |
| sucrose | maltose,lactose, table sugar |
| polysaccharides | many sugar |
| glycongen | liver,skeletal muscle |
| phosphilipids | fatty acids |
| cholestral | steriods |
| proteins | amino acids |
| dna | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| rna | ribonucleic |
| cholesterol | helps stabilize the framework |
| phospholipids | forms the fluid framework |
| ribosome | makes stuff |
| endoplamic reiculum | systems of membrains |
| golgi apparatus | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell |
| mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| lysosomes | An organelle containing digestive enzymes |
| centrioles | Involved in cell division |
| cilia | fine hair |
| flagella | sperm cell |
| cytoskeleton | shape of cell |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | water moves |
| filtration | no energy needed |
| tonicity | same |
| hypotonic | less than 1 |
| hypertonic | more than 1 |
| metosis | not an exact copy |
| reproduction | dna is replicating |
| prophase | chromatin condenses into visibale chromosomes |
| metaphase | chromosomes align center cell |
| dyplasia | ABNORMAL development of BOTH KIDNEYS |
| metaplasia | transformation of one cell type into another |
| squamous | flat |
| cuboidal | cube shape |
| columnar | tall & thin |
| transitional | cubed to flat |
| axon | long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron |
| dendrites | send a signal |
| glial cells | supportive |
| regeneration | (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs |
| fibrosis | repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue) |
| smooth mt | also called nonstriated (visceral) or involuntary; no cross striations; found in blood vessels and other tube-shaped organs |
| cardiac mt | also called striated involuntary; composes heart wall; ordinarily cannot control contractions |
| skeletal mt | attaches to bones; also called striated or voluntary; control is voluntary; striations apparent when viewed under a microscope |
| blood ct | within blood vessels |
| lymph ct | fluid matrix |
| reticular | resembling or forming a network |
| cartilage ct | supportive connective tissue with a flexible rubbery matrix. the matrix is rich in chondroitin sulfate and collage fibers. (damaged cartilage slow to recover - Found: tip of nose, the larynx and the external ear - three types: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage |
| areolar ct | Fibrocytes - with elastic fibers (black) and pink fibers (collagen) |
| adipose ct | Puffy, Adipocytes fat |
| fibrous ct | tissue that forms tendons and ligaments |
| bone ct | Concentric circles of calcified matrix Location: Bones Function: Support, protection, movement, Ca++ store, hempatopoiesis |
| simple columnar et | layer deep |
| transitional et | multipal layers |
| pseudostratified ciliates columnar et | lining or trachea |
| simple cuboidal epithelium | sweat glands,kidney tubules |
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