BIOL 2401 Vocabulary 3.9 (The Cellular Level of Organization: Aging and Cells)
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Cassilicious on September 20, 2011
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Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 13th ed. by Gerard J. Tortora & Bryan Derrickson; Chapter 3: The Cellular Level of Organization.
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 aging | A normal process accompanied by a progressive alteration of the body's homeostatic adaptive responses; produces observable changes in structure and increases vulnerability to environmental stress and disease. |
| geriatrics | The branch of medicine devoted to the medical problems and care of elderly persons. |
| telomeres | Specific DNA sequences found only at the tips of each chromosome. |
| free radicals | Produce oxidative damage in lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids by "stealing" an electron to accompany their unpaired electrons; cause wrinkled skin, stiff joints, and hardened arteries. |
| progeria | A disease characterized by normal development in the first year of life followed by rapid aging; caused by a genetic defect in which telomeres are considerably shorter than normal. |
| Werner syndrome | A rare, inherited disease that causes a rapid acceleration of aging, usually while the person is only in his or her twenties; characterized by wrinkling of the skin, graying of the hair and baldness, cataracts, muscular atrophy, and a tendency to develop diabetes mellitus, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. |
| cancer | A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled or abnormal cell division. |
| tumor (neoplasm) | When cells in a part of the body divide without control, the excess tissue that develops is called a _______. |
| oncology | The study of tumors. |
| malignant tumor | A cancerous neoplasm is called a... |
| metastasis | The spread of cancerous cells to other parts of the body. |
| benign tumor | A neoplasm that does not metastasize (like a wart). |
| carcinomas | Malignant tumors that arise from epithelial cells. |
| melanomas | Cancerous growths of melanocytes (skin epithelial cells that produce the pigment melanin). |
| sarcoma | A general term for any cancer arising from muscle cells or connective tissues. |
| osteogenic sarcoma | The most frequent type of childhood cancer that destroys normal bone tissue. |
| leukemia | A cancer of blood-forming organs characterized by rapid growth of abnormal leukocytes (white blood cells). |
| lymphoma | A malignant disease of lymphatic tissue -- for example, of lymph nodes. |
| angiogenesis | The growth of new networks of blood vessels. |
| tumor angiogenesis factors (TAFs) | Proteins that stimulate angiogenesis in tumors. |
| carcinogen | A chemical agent or radiation that produces a cancer. |
| mutations | Permanent changes in the DNA base sequence of a gene. |
| oncogenes | Cancer-causing genes. |
| proto-oncogenes | Normal genes are called... |
| oncogenic viruses | Viruses that cause cancer by stimulating abnormal proliferation of cells. |
| carcinogenesis | A multistep process of cancer development in which as many as 10 distinct mutations may have to accumulate in a cell before it becomes more cancerous. |
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