| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Scientific Method | approach to gathering info so that errors are minimized |
| scientific method step 1 | identify specific problem or question |
| scientific method step 2 | formulate hypothesis |
| scientific method step 3 | Collect data through observation and experimentation |
| scientific method step 4 | analyze data |
| basic science | basic pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomenom for its own sake |
| psychiatry | branch of medicine about the mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders |
| obsession | an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone |
| panic disorder | A disorder characterized by episodic periods of symptoms such as shortness of breath, irregularities in heartbeat, and other autonomic symptoms, accompanied by intense fear. |
| anxiety disorder | A psychological disorder characterized by tension, overactivity of the autonomic nervous system, expectation of an impending disaster, and continuous vigilance for danger. |
| obsession | An unwanted thought or idea with which a person is preoccupied. |
| conditioned emotional response | A classically conditioned response that occurs when a neutral stimulus is followed by an aversive stimulus; usually includes autonomic, behavioral, and endocrine components such as change in heart rate, freezing, and secretion of stress-related hormones. |
| Behaviorism | belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior and nothing else |
| Single Blind Study | experiment in which participants are unware of which participants received the treatment |
| Steps of the Scientific Method | Question,Hypothesis,Experiment,Results (Expected and Actual),Conclusions,Theory |
| Basic Science | Pursuit of knowledge of natural phenomena for their own sake. |
| Applied Science | Discovering scientific findings to accomplish practiced goals. |
| Psychiatry | Branch of medicine that deals with mental,emotional,and behavioral disorders. |
| Behaviorism | Belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior and nothing else. |
| Single Blind Experiment | Researchers know who got the placebo but the patient does not. |
| Double Blind Experiment | Both the researchers and patients don't know who got the placebo. |
| Placebo | People believe they are receiving the actual medication when instead they are given a sugar pill or some sorts. |
| Mean,Median,Mode | Mean is the average,Median is the middle number,Mode is the number that occurs the most. |
| Survey | Research method by asking individuals a fixed set of questions about their attitudes or behavior. |
| Cross Sectional Study | Research method where data is collected from groups of different ages and compared so differences can be drawn about differences in age groups. |
| Longitudinal Study | Research method where data is collected from a group of participants over a number of years to see how certain characteristics change and remain the same. |
| Correlation | Association or relationship between two or more events.(Does not show causation) |
| Correlation Coefficient | Number indicating the strength of relationships between two or more events. |
| EEG | (Electroencephalograph) Machine used to record electrical activity of large portions of the brain. |
| CAT | (Computerized Axial Tomography) Inquiring technique that studies the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration. |
| MRI | (Magnetic Resistance Imaging) Passing non-harmful radio waves thru the brain giving a highly detailed image of the brain's structure. |
| 4 Lobes of the Brain | Occipital Lobe,Parietal Lobe,Temporal Lobe,Frontal Lobe. |
| Occipital Lobe | Where visual signals are processed. (located in back) |
| Parietal Lobe | Concerned with information from all the senses and receives information from the skin cells and muscles. (located on top) |
| Temporal Lobe | Concerned with hearing, memory, emotion, and speaking. (located at bottom) |
| Frontal Lobe | Concerned with organizing, planning, and creative thinking. (located in front) |
| Meditation | Focusing of attention to clear one's mind and produce relaxation. |
| 3 Types of Meditation | Transcendental, Mindfulness, and Breath |
| Transcendental Meditation | Mental repetition of a mantra (meditation) |
| Mindfulness Meditation | Focusing on the present moment. |
| Breath Meditation | Concentrating on one's breathing. |
| Biofeedback | Process of learning to control one's bodily states with the help of machines monitoring the states to be controlled. |
| Hypnosis | State of consciousness resukting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened by suggestibility. |
| Negative Reinforcement | Occurs when something unpleasant is taken away. |
| Positive Reinforcement | Something the animal/human wants is added after the action. |
| Punishment | Produces unwanted side effects such as rage,fear,and aggression.It does not teach appropriate and acceptable behavior. |
| Classical Conditioning | Learning procedure in which associations are made between neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. |
| Operant Conditioning | Learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in occurrence. |
| Shaping | Process in which reinforcement is used to sculpt new responses out of old ones. |
| Primary vs. Secondary Reinforces | Primary is a stimulus that is naturally rewarding such as food or water.Secondary is a stimulus such as money that becomes rewarding through its link with the primary reinforcer. |
| Learned Helplessness | Condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable. |
| Obsession | A recurring thought or image that seems beyond control. |
| Depression | Severe form of lowered mood in which a person experiences feelings of worthlessness and diminished pleasure or interest in many activities. |
| Bipolar | Disorder in which an individual alternated between feelings of mania (euphoria) and depression. |
| Phobia | Intense and irrational fear of a particular object or situation. |
| Addiction | Pattern of drug abuse characterized by an overwhelming and compulsive desire to obtain and use the drug. |
| Withdrawal | Painful,physical,and psychological symptoms that occur after drug dependent person stops using the drug. |
| Tolerance | The person has developed a need to take a greater dose of the drug to get the same effect the initial doses had. |
| Dependence | The body is dependent on the drug and the person needs it to prevent withdrawal symptoms of NS. |
| Specific Phobias | Can focus on almost anything including high places (acrophobia), or enclosed spaces (claustrophobia). |
| Social Phobias | Fear that they will embarrass themselves in a public place or social setting. |
| Agoraphobia | Fear of open spaces |
| General Anxiety Disorder | A vague,generalized apprehension of feeling that one is in danger. |
| Panic Disorder | An extreme anxiety that manifests itself in the form of panic attacks. |
| PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) | Disorder in which victims of traumatic events experience the original event in the form of dreams or flashbacks. |
| Schizophrenia | A group of disorders characterized by confused,and disconnected thoughts,emotions,and perceptions. |
| Antisocial Behavior | Displays pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others without feeling remorse. |
| Dependence | Displaying a pattern of submissiveness and excessive need to be taken care of. |
| Naturalistic Observation | Research Method in which the psychologist observes the subject in their natural surrounding without interfering. |
| Circadian Rhythm | Biological Clock that is generally programed to regulate psychological responses within a time period of 24-15 hours. |
| What makes us happy? | Omega 3, sunshine, love, satisfying occupation, spirituality, good citizenship, helping others, humility, creativity, exercise, ect... |
| What types of people tend to be happier? | People who are in good moods, have high self-esteem, personal control, hope, and those who are extroverts tend to be happier. |
| Flow | State of optimal experience. Flow activities are done for the sake of doing them and not for extrinsic rewards. |
| Mindfulness | Conscious awareness of bodily functions. |
| Hope | People who exhibit high levels of hope tend to be happier as they pursue their goals and challenges. |
| Optimism | People who believe bad situations are not their fault, do not always interfere with life, and do not permeate into all aspects of life are happier. |
| Goals; What types? | Goals must be clear, attainable, and meaningful. Feedback must be immediate to experience flow. |
| Happiness Equilibrium Theory | Well-being remains relatively consistent over their life span because of personality, although current events in people's lives can either raise or lower their well-being temporarily. |
| Nature Vs. Nurture | Nature: Characteristics that a person inherits such as biological makeup(Sir Francis Galton found that success runs in families and the cause was hereditary). Nurture: Environmental factors such as family, culture, education, and individual experiences (John Watson founder of behaviorism said he can turn anyone into anything). |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace