A&P_1_test_2_skin/glands_COMPLETE
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113 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 protectionVit. D sensation thermoregulation nonverbal communication | functions of skin (5) PVSTN |
| (stem keratinocytes langerhans cells (dendritic) melanocytes merkel cells(tactile)) Some Kids Love M&M's | 5 types of cells in epidermis SKMML |
| stem | skin cells that are undifferentiated and give rise to keratinocytes. found only in the stratum basale |
| stratum basal | deepest layer of the epidermis |
| keratinocytes | the majority of the cells in the epidermis are of this kind. name for their role in synthesizing the tough protein that gives epithelium its durability and for which it is named after |
| melanocytes | along with stem cells, these occur only in the stratum basale and with the deepest keratinocytes. they synthesize the pigment for which they are named |
| tactile (merkel) cells | these are receptors for touch in the epidermis |
| merkel | another name for tactile cells |
| dendritic(langerhans) | these are immune cells originating in the bone marrow. they are found in the epidermis of oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina. They are found in the layers stratum spinosum and granulosum |
| langerhans | dendritic cells are also known as |
| (corneum lucidum granulosum spinosum basale) Can Layers Get Said Better? | layers of the epidermis top down CLGSB |
| corneum | stratum of epidermis that consists of up to 30 dead scaly keratinized cells that form the durable surface layer. Made of "soft keratin" |
| granulosm | a thin stratum of epidermis that contains three to five layers of keratinocytes. more in thick skin than thin |
| keratohyalin granules | the stratum granulosm contains these dark staining granules that give it its name |
| spinosm | in most skin this is the thickest stratum and is made up of several layers of keratinocytes. the deepest layers are capable of mitosis. |
| basale | this deepest stratum of epidermis consist mainly of a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes resting on the basement membrane |
| dermis | a connective tissue layer below the epidermis composed mainly of collagen. it is well supplied with blood vessels |
| dermal papillae | the UPWARD waves of fingerlike extensions of the DERMIS that form the histologically conspicuous boundary between the dermis and epidermis |
| epidermal ridges | the DOWNWARD extensions of the epidermis that form the histologically conspicuous boundary between the dermis and epidermis |
| dermal papillae epidermal ridges | the dermis and epidermis interlock via this respectively |
| papillary layer reticular layer | two zones of dermis whose boundaries are often vague |
| papillary layer | the zone of dermis found near the dermal papillae |
| areolar tissue | the papillary layer is a thin zone of _________ __________ |
| reticular layer | this zone of the dermis is thicker and deeper than the papillary layer |
| irregular connective tissue | the reticular zone of dermis is composed mainly of ___________ _________ ____________ |
| subcutaneous hypodermis | beneath the - one of these two terms |
| accessory organs | hair nails and cutaneous glands are __________ __________ of the skin |
| hard | hair and nails are composed mainly of this kind of keratin |
| pilus follicle | a hair is also known as a _______it grows from a ___________ |
| bulb root shaft | the hair is divisible into these three zones along its length starting at its base |
| dermal papilla | the bulb of a hair grows out of this bud of vascular tissue that also forms the bottom "wave" up of the dermis that interlocks with the epidermal ridges |
| hair matrix | immediately above the papilla that the bulb of a hair grows out of is a region of mitotically active cells called this |
| medulla cortex cuticle | a cross section of hair reveals these three layers |
| piloerector (arrector pili) | each hair has one of these. a bundle of smooth msucle cells |
| hair receptors | nerve fibers that entwine a follicle and respond to hair movements |
| anagen (growing) categen (easily lost) telogen (resting) | parts of the hair growth cycle (3) |
| nail plate | hard part of the nail |
| 15 | the skin and subcutaneous tissue is the bodies largest and heaviest organ that makes up ___% of body weight |
| acid mantle | an antibacterial component of skin |
| liver kidneys | these complete the process of vit D synthesis secondary to skin |
| vaso constriction dilation | the thermoregulation of skin is accomplished by this |
| keratin | Dead cells at the surface are packed with tough protein called |
| macrophage | dendritic cells are a type of this |
| keratinocytes stem Melanocytes merkel cells (only missing love) | stratum basale is a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and contains these types of cells |
| eleidin (eleidin lucidum .......good name for an ancient philosopher) | the keratinocytes in the stratum lucidum are densely packed with this protein |
| stratum lucidum | this stratum is seen only in thick skin |
| stratum basale | Keratinocytes are produced deep in the epidermis by stem cells in this stratum |
| membrane-coating vesicles (lamellar granules) | Cytoskeleton proliferates as cells are shoved upward and they produce more keratin filaments and these lipid-filled membrane-coating vesicles (lamellar granules) |
| filaggrin | in the stratum granulosm keratohyaline granules release this protein that binds the cytoskeleton keratin filaments together |
| waterproofs | lipid filled membrane coating vesicles that are produced when cells reach the stratum granulosm spreads out over the cell and does this to it |
| (1)cells die (2)keratohyaline granules release fillaggrin to bind keratin (3)membrane coating vesicles water proof it | three important happenings in the stratum granulosm |
| tight junctions fillagrin membrane coating vesicles (lamellar granules) | the epidermal water barrier forms between stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum with the aid of these tight junctions,fillaggrin and membrane coating vesicles that spread lipids over the cell surface |
| blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings, hair follicles | the dermis contains these features (5) |
| friction ridges | fingerprints are made of |
| Stretch marks (striae) | these are tears in the collagen fibers caused by stretching of the skin |
| 8 | teh hypodermis is __% thicker in women |
| hypodermis | this is more areolar and adipose than dermis |
| lanugo vellus terminal | three types of hair |
| hair matrix | Hair's growth center. Region of mitotically active cells immediately above papilla |
| follicle | diagonal tube that dips deeply into dermis and may extend into hypodermis and from which a hair grows |
| epithelial root sheath | Extension of the epidermis Lies immediately adjacent to hair root Toward deep end widens into bulge—a source of stem cells for follicular growth |
| root sheath | Derived from dermis Surrounds epithelial root sheath Denser than adjacent connective tissue |
| hair receptors | Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle Respond to hair movement |
| edge (free) body root | parts of the nail plate |
| Hyponychium | —epidermis of the nail bed |
| Lunule (lunar shaped lunule) | —an opaque white crescent at proximal end of nail |
| Eponychium | the cuticle |
| exocrine | glands—maintain their contact with the body surface by way of a duct (epithelial tube that conveys secretion to surface) |
| Sweat mammary tear | examples of exocrine glands |
| endocrine | glands—lose their contact with the surface and have no ducts. secrete hormones |
| unicellular | glands—found in epithelium that is predominantly non-secretory. Can be endocrine or exocrine Mucus-secreting goblet or endocrine cells of stomach and small intestine |
| goblet or endocrine cells (of stomach and small intestine) | examples of unicellular glands |
| capsule | connective covering of most glands |
| septa (trabeculae) (just like the septum of nose) | extensions of capsule that divide the interior of the gland into compartments (lobes) |
| lobes lobules | glands are divided by septa into ______ which are further divided into ________ |
| stroma (body of gland) | connective tissue framework of the gland that Supports and organizes glandular tissue |
| Parenchyma (gr. "pouring out into the adjacent) | cells that perform the tasks of synthesis and secretion in glands. Typically cuboidal or simple columnar epithelium |
| simple compound | exocrine gland structure can be classified as one of these two |
| tubular acinar tubularacinar | the shape of a gland can be classified as one of these three |
| tubular | gland shape: duct and secretory portion have uniform diameter |
| acinar | gland shape: secretory cells form dilated sac (acinus or alveolus) |
| serous mucus mixed cytogenic | type of secretion of exocrine glands |
| merocrine apocrine holocrine | three modes of secretion/types of glands |
| Holocrine (cell dissapears like a hologram!) | type of gland classified by mode of excretion: cells accumulate a product and then the entire cell disintegrates |
| Merocrine glands (eccrine glands - gr. portion seperate) | type of gland classified by mode of excretion: have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis |
| apocrine | type of gland classified by mode of excretion**: primarily merocrine mode of secretion |
| Tear glands, pancreas, gastric glands | examples of merocrine glands |
| Axillary sweat glands, mammary glands | examples of apocrine glands |
| Oil glands of scalp, glands of eyelids | examples of holocrine glands |
| Muscularis mucosae | smooth muscle layer of membranes |
| Lamina propria | areolar connective tissue of mucus membranes |
| serous synovial | two types of membranes |
| Endothelium Mesothelium | types of serous membranes (2) |
| endothelium | serous membrane that lines blood vessels and heart |
| mesothelium | serous membranes that lines body cavities (pericardium, peritoneum, and pleura) |
| merocrine and apocrine sweat glands sebaceous glands ceruminous glands mammary glands | five types of glands in the skin |
| lamina propria | the areolar connective tissue in mucus membranes |
| Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands | Most numerous skin glands—3 to 4 million in adult skin Simple tubular glands Watery perspiration that helps cool the body |
| Myoepithelial cells | these contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous system and squeeze perspiration up the duct in merocrine sweat glands |
| Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands | myoepithelial cells squeeze perspiration up the duct in this kind of sweat gland |
| apocrine sweat glands (stinky ape ocrine) | Occur in groin, axilla, areola, beard withn ducts lead to nearby hair follicles produce sweat that contains fatty acids, scent, pheromones and can resulti bromhidrosis |
| bromhidrosis | —disagreeable body odor produced by bacterial action on fatty acids in sweat produced by apocrine sweat glands |
| Pheromones | chemicals that influence the physiology of behavior of other members of the species that are produced by apocrine sweat glands |
| Insensible perspiration— | 500 mL/day Does not produce visible wetness of skin |
| Diaphoresis | —sweating with wetness of the skin Exercise—may lose 1 L sweat per hour |
| holocrine | sebum secretion consists of broken-down cells Replaced by mitosis at base of this gland produces lanolin in sheep |
| sebum (too bad fat isn't a hologram) | holocrine glands produce this |
| ceruminous gland (ceruman=earwax) | earwax is produce by simple, coiled tubular glands with ducts that lead to skin surface called this |
| ceruman | earwax |
| modified apocrine sweat glands | mammary glands are |
| basale | melanocytes occur only in this stratum |
| spinosum and granulosum | dendritic (langerhands) cells are found in these stratums |
| lamellar granules | membrane coating vesicles are also called |
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