Basic Mathematics in Christian Perspective terms, definitions, procedures 7th grade
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 arithmetic | the science of numbers |
| notation | the art of writing numbers |
| numeration | the art of reading numbers |
| addition | the process of putting like numbers together |
| subtraction | the process of taking a lesser number away from a greater number; thus the inverse of addition |
| multiplication | a quick way to add equal numbers; thus the inverse of division |
| division | the process of finding how many times one number is contained in another number; thus the inverse of multiplication |
| place value | the value of a digit as determined by its position in a number |
| addends | the numbers added together in an addition problem |
| sum | the answer to an addition problem |
| subtraction | the process of taking a lesser number away from a greater number; thus the inverse of addition |
| subtrahend | the number subtracted from the minuend in a subtraction problem |
| minuend | the number the subtrahend is subtracted from in order to find the difference |
| difference | the answer to a subtraction problem |
| factors | the numbers multiplied in a multiplication problem |
| partial products | the number of partial products is determined by the number of nonzero digits in the second factor of a multiplication problem. |
| dividend | the number divided in a division problem. |
| divisor | the number the dividend is divided by in a division problem. |
| quotient | the answer in a division problem |
| remainder | the number that is left over in a division problem. |
| I | 1 |
| V | 5 |
| X | 10 |
| L | 50 |
| C | 100 |
| D | 500 |
| M | 1,000 |
| dash over a Roman numeral | value increased a thousand times |
| common factor | a factor that is shared by two or more numbers |
| greatest common factor (gcf) | the largest factor any two or more numbers share |
| prime number | number that is divisible only by 1 and itself |
| prime to each other | two numbers that share only the common factor of 1 |
| composite number | a number that has factors besides 1 and itself |
| the number 1 is considered neither | prime nor composite |
| the number 2 is the only | even number that is prime |
| prime factoring | method used to factor a composite number until all the factors are prime |
| The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic | states that all composite numbers can be factored into a particular group of prime numbers |
| multiple | the product of a quantity with any integer. |
| common multiples | multiples that are shared by two or more numbers |
| arithmetic mean | the amount found by dividing the sum by the number of quantities; the statistical average. |
| distinct | easily distinguished from others |
| least common multiple (lcm) | is the least multiple that is shared by two or more numbers. |
| factorial | the product of all the whole numbers from 1 to the number (5! means 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5) |
| median | the middle number or the average of the two middle numbers when data is arranged in numerical order |
| palindrome | numbers, words, or phrases that read the same backward as forward |
| fraction | part of a whole object or collection of objects |
| denominator | bottom number, indicates how many equal parts the whole is divided into |
| numerator | top number, indicates how many of the equal parts are used or taken. |
| equivalent fractions | fractions that have the same value |
| To form an equivalent fraction having higher terms, | multiply the numerator and teh denominator by the same number |
| To reduce a fraction to lowest terms, | divide the numerator and the denominator by the greatest common factor |
| proper fraction | fraction having a numerator that is less than the denominator |
| improper fraction | a fraction having a numerator that is equal to or greater than the denominator |
| To change an improper fraction to a mixed or whole number | divide the numerator by the denominator. |
| To change a mixed number to an improper fraction, | multiply the whole number by the denominator and add the numerator to the product to form the numerator of the improper fraction. The denominator stays the same. |
| To add fractions having a common denominator, | keep the common denominator and add the numerators. |
| If fractions do not have a common denominator, get a common denominator by | finding the least common multiple of the denominators. |
| To subtract fractions having a common denominator, | keep the common denominator and subtract the numerators. |
| When subtracting fractions, it is sometimes necessary to | borrow from the whole number before the subtraction can be completed. |
| To multiply fractions, | multiply the numerators together for the product numerator and the denominators together for the product denominator. |
| cancellation | the process used to simplify fractions before multiplication. |
| In multiplication, part of the numerator of one fraction can be canceled by part of | the denominator of any other fraction if they have a common factor. |
| reciprocal | a number turned upside down. (2/1 is the reciprocal of 1/2.) |
| To divide fractions, | invert the divisor and multiply (multiply by the reciprocal). After inversion, cancellation may be used. |
| complex fraction | a fraction that has a fraction or mixed number for the numerator, or denominator, or both. |
| To simplify a complex fraction, | rewrite using the numerator as the dividend and the denominator as the divisor in a division problem. |
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