| Term | Definition |
|---|
| nucleus | the center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons |
| proton | postively charged substomic particle in the nucleus |
| neutron | neutral charged particle located in the nucleus |
| electron | negatively charged particle moving around the outside area of the nucleus |
| energy level | any of the psiible energies an electron may have in an atom |
| orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| valence electrons | electron in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| periodic law | properties of elements tend to change in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number or number of protons in their nucleus |
| Group | a vertical colun of elements in the periodice table |
| ionization | the process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from an atom or group of atoms |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms htat has lost or gained one or more electrons and therefore has a net electric charge |
| cation | an ion with a positive charge |
| anioan | an ion with a negative charge |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| isotopes | any atoms having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| atomic mass unit | a quantity equaol to 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12 atom |
| average atomic mass | the weighted average of the massses of all naturally occurring isotpoes of an element |
| metals | the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity |
| nonmetals | the elements that usually poor conductors of heat and electricity |
| semiconductors | the elementst that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity |
| alkali metal | the highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table |
| alkaline-earth metals | the reactive metallic elements located in Group 2 of the periodice table |
| transition metals | the metallic element located in Group 3-12 of the periodic table |
| halogens | the highly reactive elements located in Group 17 of the peiodic table |
| noble gases | the unreactive gaseos elements located in group 18 of the periodic table |
| mole | the Si base unit that describes the amount of a substance |
| Avogadro's Number | the number of particles in 1 mole which equal 6.02 X 10 to the 23 power |
| molar mass | the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance |
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