Cell Reproduction and Genetics
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sexual reproduction | production of offspring through meiosis and union of sperm and egg |
| asexual reproduction | singe parent produces offspring genetically identical to the parent |
| chromosome | structure made up of DNA |
| chromatid | half of a chromosome visible during mitosis or meiosis |
| mitosis | division of cell nuclei that produces two diploid offspring |
| meiosis | division of cell nuclei that produces four haploid offspring |
| gene | segment of DNA that programs a specific trait |
| trait | genetically determined variant of a characteristic |
| allele | one of the forms of a gene that programs a characteristic |
| genetics | the study of heredity |
| independent assortment | the random assigning of chromosomes/genes to haploid gametes |
| crossing over | swapping DNA between non-homologous chromatids |
| dominant | the allele that is fully expressed when carried by one of the chromosomes |
| recessive | a trait that is expressed only when two alleles are inherited for the same characteristic |
| phenotype | physical appearance |
| genotype | the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| heterozygous | individual has two different alleles for a trait |
| homozygous | individual has same alleles for a trait |
| nucleotide | building block of DNA molecule |
| gametes | haploid reproductive cell (e.g., egg or sperm) |
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